Pseudomonas putida KT2442制备中长链聚羟基烷酸酯

初步探讨了利用Pseudomonas putida KT2442制备中长链聚羟基烷酸酯(MCL-PHAs)的工艺,考察了不同碳源对菌体生长和产物合成的影响.在2.5 L发酵罐上采用高密度细胞培养制备以油酸为碳源,细胞干重达120g/L,MCL-PHAs质量浓度达40g/L,产物质量分数为34%,生产速率为0.965 g·L-1·h-1;以玉米油水解物为碳源,细胞干重达105g/L,MCL-PHAs达28g/L,产物质量分数为26.5%,生产速率为0.667 g·L-1·h-1.以玉米油水解物为碳源所得细胞浓度、产物浓度与以油酸为碳源所得结果比较接近,有利于降低生产成本.     

假单胞菌S-7产生的表面活性剂特性研究

假单胞菌S-7菌株在代谢过程中能够产生糖脂和脂肽表面活性物质，其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为236mg／L，可以将水的表面张力由72mN／m降到29．7mN／m，油水界面张力由30mN／m降到1．3mN／m。发酵液在不同的温度、pH和矿化度条件下，具有稳定的表面活性。发酵液可以乳化原油，使原油的粘度降低86．95％。研究表明，表面活性物质是S-7菌株在微生物采油过程中发挥作用的主要因素。     

Cloning and expression of ophc2, a new organphosphorus hydrolase gene

The amino acid sequences of N-terminal and internal peptide of OPHC2, purified from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain C2-1 in our lab, are determined. The full-length organphosphorus hydrolase gene ophc2 is cloned by PCR using the degenerate primers designed according to the sequences and future inverse PCR. The ophc2 gene is 975 bp long with G C content of 63%, comprising one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 324 amino acids with a molecular weight of 36 kD. The nucleotide sequence of ophc2 shows low homologies with those organphosphorus hydrolase genes deposited in GenBank, one of which exhibits the highest homology of 46.4% with ophc2. The organphosphorus hydrolase protein expressed in E. coli bears normal bioactivity.     

LUX诱导物调控绿脓杆菌弹性蛋白酶的产生

绿脓杆菌的弹性蛋白酶的产生受Ｎ－３－氧代己酰－Ｌ－高丝氨酸内酯诱导物的调控。此内酯存在于多种细菌中，在野生型绿脓杆菌ＰＡ０１中，经ＨＰＬＣ测定，发现该内酯诱导物的存在，并且外源诱导物浓度增加，弹性蛋白酶产量增加．失去弹性蛋白酶产生能力的突变菌株ＰＡＮ０６７在加入诱导物的ＰＴＳＢ液体培养基中恢复了该酶的产生，并用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析测定，当诱导物的浓度约２０μｇ／ｍｌ时，其样品中的弹性蛋白酶活性最高，并且３３ＫＤａ的弹性蛋白酶电泳带密度最大。     

微生物降解速灭菊酯的遗传毒性效应

从生产速灭菊酯的工厂排污口附近采泥样,从中分离降解速灭菊酯的细菌,接种于以速灭菊酯为唯一碳源的合成培养液中。培养48小时后,用人Ames试验检测其遗传毒性。结果,在高剂量时代谢产物有抑茵作用,低剂量时有致突变效应。而未经微生物降解的对照(其速灭菊酯浓度与降解试验初始浓度同)则均呈阴性。另外,对分离所得菌株进行了鉴定,主要降解菌为假单胞茵(Pseudomnas)。     

假单孢菌PKE117木素过氧化物酶的酶学性质及基因克隆

对纯化得到的假单孢菌PKE117的胞外木素过氧化物酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究,发现其最适pH为5.0,最适温度为30℃,以藜芦醇为底物,在25℃,pH3.0的琥珀酸钠缓冲液中与底物反应时的Km值为(0.277±0.0008)mmol/L,vmax为(0.049±0.001)mmol.mg-1protein.min-1。根据LiP已知保守序列设计引物,提取质粒,扩增得到一条199bp的DNA片段lip1和一条563bp的DNA片段lip2,序列比对结果显示与已报道的白腐真菌过氧化物酶基因的同源性不是很高。核苷酸翻译后的氨基酸序列比对结果发现,LiP1与Pycnoporus sanguineus的漆酶的同源性达到100%,与Mycobacteriumbovis的木素过氧化物酶的同源性达到80%;LiP2与Arabidopsis thaliana的过氧化物酶同源性达到100%,与Hordeumvulgare的过氧化物酶1同源性为75%。     

Bacterial Constituents CXIII Structure Revision of Several Pyoverdins Produced by Plant-Growth Promoting and Plant-Deleterious <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Pseudomonas</Emphasis> Species

Summary. The structural revision on the basis of spectroscopic and degradation results of several pyoverdins from Pseudomonas spp. is reported. Siderotyping studies by the isoelectrofocusing technique and by ferri-pyoverdin uptake experiments had prompted a re-investigation of some structures proposed in the literature.Received June 26, 2003; accepted July 7, 2003 Published online September 11,2003     

荧光假单胞菌的应用与展望

植物根际促生菌(PGPR)中的荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)对植物病原体具有潜在的拮抗作用,同时具有促进植物生长的能力.阐述了荧光假单胞菌在实际生产中的应用潜力.荧光假单胞菌可以通过产生生长素,增强土壤中磷、钾的可用性,促进植物叶绿素含量的增加,及产生谷胱甘肽、ACC脱氨酶等形式促进植物的生长.通过产抗生素(吩嗪、2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚、藤黄绿脓菌素、硝吡咯菌素)、拮抗线虫等方式帮助植物体抵抗病虫害的侵袭.除此之外,荧光假单胞菌所具有的定殖与产铁载体能力在植物的促生与抗病方面皆发挥着重要作用.荧光假单胞菌在农业生产方面具有巨大的应用潜力.     

桔黄假单胞菌JD37与LaCl_3联用对菠菜生长和土壤生物活性的作用

为了探讨根际促生菌与稀土元素联用对作物生长和土壤改良的影响,采用盆栽实验研究了一株兼具植物促生和生物防治作用的桔黄假单胞菌JD37与常见的农用稀土元素LaCl_3联合处理对菠菜生长和土壤生物活性的效果.结果表明:联合处理显著促进了菠菜的生长,增强菌体在菠菜根际土壤和菠菜根内的定殖能力.同时土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶与过氧化氢酶活性都有提高.联合处理显著提高菠菜总叶绿素含量,比单独接种JD37或浇灌LaCl_3分别提高了7.06%和3.80%.土壤细菌和放线菌数量与单独接种JD37或浇灌LaCl_3相比也有显著上升.上述结论表明稀土元素在复合微生物肥料的生产与研制中具有较大应用潜力.     

Natural Product Rottlerin Derivatives Targeting Quorum Sensing

Rottlerin is a natural product consisting of chalcone and flavonoid scaffolds, both of which have previously shown quorum sensing (QS) inhibition in various bacteria. Therefore, the unique rottlerin scaffold highlights great potential in inhibiting the QS system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rottlerin analogues were synthesised by modifications at its chalcone- and methylene-bridged acetophenone moieties. The synthesis of analogues was achieved using an established five-step synthetic strategy for chalcone derivatives and utilising the Mannich reaction at C6 of the chromene to construct morpholine analogues. Several pyranochromene chalcone derivatives were also generated using aldol conditions. All the synthetic rottlerin derivatives were screened for QS inhibition and growth inhibition against the related LasR QS system. The pyranochromene chalcone structures displayed high QS inhibitory activity with the most potent compounds, 8b and 8d, achieving QS inhibition of 49.4% and 40.6% and no effect on bacterial growth inhibition at 31 µM, respectively. Both compounds also displayed moderate biofilm inhibitory activity and reduced the production of pyocyanin.