大规模复杂换热网络联动进化障碍分析及策略改进

针对启发式算法在优化大规模换热网络时出现优化精细度不足的问题,提出一种以小负荷公用工程为导向的换热单元耦合联动强制进化策略。该策略以小负荷公用工程作为导向,构建具有耦合关系的换热单元环路,并对环路内的换热单元热负荷进行联动调整,同时保持环路外换热单元的热负荷和流股匹配不变。该策略旨在最大程度回收流股的能量,以减少小负荷公用工程使用带来的费用增加。将策略应用于强制进化随机游走算法并对两个算例进行测试,算例H8C7和H10C10的优化结果分别为1495292 $/a和1713637 $/a。与改进前相比,分别降低了7466 $/a和7533 $/a;与文献中最优解相比,分别减少了2033 $/a和1450 $/a,证明了该策略的有效性。     

化学氧碘激光器尾气主动冷却技术试验

使用主动冷却技术降低化学氧碘激光器（COIL）尾气的温度,是提高引射式压力恢复系统引射效率的一项关键技术。采用理论计算和数值模拟的方法,得出了满足技术指标要求的冷却器系统设计参数,并研制了一套以管翅式热交换器、液氮循环汽化提供制冷量的COIL尾气主动冷却试验装置。与激光器的对接试验结果表明,在COIL出光60 s试验中,热交换器可以使尾气温度从590 K降低到160 K,出口截面温度不均匀度小于21 K,经过热交换器的气流总压损失小于100 Pa。     

改进的量子彩色图像中值滤波算法

图像处理任务中广泛应用中值滤波器来平滑图像和消除幅度极大或极小的噪声,并且可以保持图像的边缘特性,不会使图像产生明显模糊。提出一种改进的空间域量子彩色图像中值滤波算法,并且在IBM Q(international business machines quantum)平台上进行仿真。该算法将量子彩色图像进行存储,利用量子比较器模块、量子控制交换器模块、中值计算模块和阈值模块设计量子彩色图像中值滤波的量子线路。相较于已有的量子彩色图像中值滤波算法,在进行中值滤波之前加入了阈值进行噪声判断,该算法滤波效果更好,同时时间复杂度也更低。     

土壤源热泵在合肥某工程中的应用

介绍了土壤源热泵的工作原理,探讨了土壤源热泵空调应用于中央空调系统的设计方法,以及其主要部件地热换热器的埋管方式、结构、管材、运行等特点。选取几种常用的冷热源系统与土壤源热泵系统进行比较分析,参考合肥地区的能源价格,计算各方案的运行成本,用动态费用年值法对各方案的经济性进行了评价。     

翅片管换热器仿真软件精度自适应校正方法

提出了一种自动修正翅片管换热器仿真精度的方法.根据用户所能提供实验数据的数量,采用不同的策略,实验数据较少时采用简单的多项式回归的形式来建立管外空气侧换热系数修正因子的修正多项式;实验数据较多时采用人工神经网络的方式来得到管外空气侧换热系数修正因子的神经网络关联模型.用于实际的仿真计算时,修正前的换热量误差最大28.96%,平均为11.12%;采用多项式修正后误差最大15.33%,平均5.38%;采用神经网络修正后误差最大4.9%,平均1.0%.     

钛管在复杂应力下的双向强化效应

利用塑性势理论,同时通过各种复合应力试验证明了TA2钛管具有明显的各向异性和双向强化效应,并提供了钛管换热器合理设计的可靠依据．     

Preparation and Properties of the Hybrid Material n‐Propyl(3‐methylpyridinium)silsesquioxane Chloride. Application in Electrochemical Determination of Nitrite

The synthesis and properties of the ion exchange polymer 3‐n‐propyl(3‐methylpyridinium)silsesquioxane chloride (SiPy⁺Cl^?) are described. Based on the Langmuir model, the equilibrium constant at the solid‐solution interface for the reaction, SiPy⁺Cl^?+NO ?SiPy⁺NO , was calculated for nitrite adsorption. The value found, β=8.7×10³ L mol^?1, indicates good affinity of the anion for the solid phase. A carbon paste electrode of the material was tested for NO oxidation and a linear response, in the concentration range between 6.3 and 143.6 μmol L^?1, was obtained by amperometry. The analytical applicability of the proposed system was ascertained by the satisfactory results attained in its application to monitoring of nitrite in natural waters.     

间隙支撑换热管的动态特性

用数值方法求取了换热管在不同的档板间隙、刚度及激振力下的撞击力及动态响应。对撞击力作等效线性化处理,将间隙支承转化为等效线性弹簧刚度K_(eq)支承。并得出如下结论:(1)K_(eq)和激振力、激振频率、档板间隙有关,等效线性系统的响应和撞击的瞬态响应大体上是一致的;(2)激振力、档板间隙对撞击力起重要作用,但这种影响并不呈线性关系,若间隙进一步增大,则撞击力增长趋势减慢;(3)档板刚度对撞击力影响显著,但对碰撞的瞬态曲线的影响并不明显,减小间隙最终受制造工艺制约,但结构上改变档板刚度是有可能减少磨损的。     

LiMg0.5Mn1.5O4的合成及对Li+的离子交换选择性

锂及其化合物在航空航天、化工、医药、空调、高能电池和热核反应等方面都有广泛应用，对锂及其化合物的需求与日俱增。我国液体锂资源非常丰富，开发利用其中的锂资源具有重要意义。从盐湖水、地下卤水、盐田母液、油气田水等咸水资源中提取锂的方法有碳酸盐沉淀法、离子交换法、萃取法等。离子     

Characterization of sugar juice heat exchanger tube deposit

Fouling of heat exchanger surfaces during sugar manufacture reduces productivity and increases energy demand. This study characterizes a deposit (including its internal structure) formed in a sugar factory's evaporator unit using a variety of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques (including X‐ray powder diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, elemental mapping with energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered electron imaging). Calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium oxalate mono‐ and dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, amorphous silica and organic matter are present in the deposit. The composition of the deposit (which contains three layers) varies along the height of the tube. There are noticeable differences in the composition and porosity among the layers in the deposit. A porous structure consisting of a mixture of amorphous silica, calcium oxalate dihydrate and organic matter is attached to the surface of the deposit in contact with sugar juice, while a denser morphology of amorphous silica and hydroxyapatite is attached to the tube wall. Elemental mapping identifies an association between Si, Al, Mg, Fe and O, suggesting the presence of a silicate compound as a minor component in the deposit. An attempt is made to rationalize the formation of the observed phases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.