New method for the preparation of small diameter columns with polymeric stationary phases for open tubular liquid chromatography

The purpose of this report is to introduce a new method for use in coating polymeric stationary phase films on the inside wall of small bore diameter fused silica capillary tubing. This technique is being developed for use in fabricating capillary columns for open tubular liquid chromatography.     

Effect of thiol-containing monomer on the preparation of temperature-sensitive hydrogel microspheres

The main objective of this study is to prepare, thermally, sensitive microgel particles bearing thiol groups via precipitation polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and vinylbenzylisothiouronium chloride (VBIC) using 2-2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)-dihydrochloride (V50) as initiator. The influence of various parameters has been investigated as a systematic study to point out the role of each reactant on polymerization conversion, and consequently, on particles and water-soluble polymer formation. The final microgel particles were characterized with respect to particle size and swelling ability. The aim of this paper is to complete our first short communication; Macromolecular symposia, 2000. 150: p. 283–290.     

Development and characterisation of a molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by precipitation polymerisation for the determination of phenylurea herbicides

New materials based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been developed for use as sorbents in solid phase extraction to preconcentrate some urea herbicides. In the preconcentration step, different molecularly imprinted polymers were tested using methacrylic acid (MAA) and 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid (TFMAA) as functional monomers, and linuron and isoproturon as templates. The best results were obtained when the polymer was synthesised using MAA with isoproturon as template. Another parameter evaluated was the way in which the polymer was obtained. We observed that the imprinted polymers obtained by precipitation displayed a greater capacity to retain the phenylureas. Studies conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the bulk polymerisation method is far from ideal owing to the random shape and size distribution of the particles obtained, whereas when polymerisation was carried out in precipitation microspheres were obtained. In order to confirm the interaction between the functional monomer and the template, 1H NMR (CD2Cl2) analyses were conducted. The results obtained suggest that the hydrogen and/or nitrogen of the amino group of the template would be involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds with the functional monomer. The imprinted polymer obtained by precipitation polymerisation with MAA as functional monomer and isoproturon as template can be applied to preconcentrate phenylureas when the sample is dissolved in toluene. The proposed methodology was employed to evaluate polymer selectivity towards humic acids and towards other herbicides.     

Roles of polyacrylate dispersant in the synthesis of well-dispersed BaSO4 nanoparticles by simple precipitation

Well-dispersed BaSO₄ nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) by a simple precipitation method, with BaCl₂ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ as reactants. The different roles performed by PAAS in the synthesis of BaSO₄ nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the as-synthesized BaSO₄ nanoparticles were spheres with an average diameter of 30 nm and that their surfaces were affected by the PAAS. Under a typical procedure employed, PAAS reacted with BaCl₂ to yield an intermediate, serving as a control releasing agent and separating the nucleation and crystal growth processes of the BaSO₄ nuclei. During formation of the BaSO₄ nanospheres, the intermediate slowly dissolved and released barium and polyacrylate ions, inhibiting the growth and aggregation of newly formed BaSO₄ seeds and resulting in particles of narrow diameter distribution and improved dispersibility. Moreover, these polyacrylate ions further modified the surfaces of the BaSO₄ nanoparticles.     

未来极端降水预估研究进展

全球气候变暖各地极端气候事件频发,自然环境和人类生产生活受到重大影响,极端气候事件的变化发展及未来预估工作亟需开展,尤其是极端降水的变化与生活生产更是密切相关.该文在全球变暖大背景下基于未来各种排放情景,对极端降水的定义、预报方法以及演变趋势的研究成果进行归纳总结,以为后续研究提供参考.     

The onset of spherulitic growth in crystallization of calcium carbonate

Batch and semi-batch crystallization experiments were performed in aqueous solutions for the three anhydrous polymorphs of calcium carbonate vaterite, aragonite and calcite to investigate the effect of crystallization parameters on the onset of spherulitic growth and particle morphology.     

The quenching effects of hot band annealing on grain-oriented electrical steel

The grain-oriented electrical steels are widely used in transformers, which demand low iron loss and high induction of core materials. In order to obtain good magnetic properties, a series of rolling, annealing and coating processes are carried out. Hot band annealing, which influences the ductility for cold rolling and the development of AlN inhibitors, is one of the most important processes. This study investigated the phases and different kinds of precipitations in microstructures of annealed hot band by means of the optical and electronic microscopies. On the other hand, a Themo-Calc software and the solubility product equations of AlN are used to calculate the phase diagram of Fe-Si-C alloy and the amount of AlN at high temperature. Microstructures including ferrite, cementite, pearlite and martensite were observed. The size and shape of precipitates, i.e. GP Zone, TiN, AlN, MnS, oxide and carbide, were identified. The relationship between the amount of nano-scale AlN and magnetic properties indicated that the suitable cooling method resulted in lower iron loss and higher magnetic induction. The result could help to realize the following microstructure evolution and mechanism of inhibitors in grain-oriented electrical steel.     

华北地区热带气旋降水量的气候诊断

利用1950～2002年热带气旋降水量资料,对华北地区由热带气旋引起的降水进行了分析．结果表明,华北地区热带气旋降水量的空间分布很不均匀,平均山东半岛东部最大,向西具有减少的趋势,这种趋势与热带气旋降水频数相一致,地形的影响使降水量的空间分布复杂化．对于热带气旋过程降水量的大小,地形的影响更为重要,从河北东部经西部到河南南部沿着燕山南麓和太行山东麓分布着大的过程降水中心,此外,受热带气旋影响的最西站点随年代向东偏移．热带气旋降水量季节变化表现为8月最大,10月最小;年际变化明显,具有显著的2～3年振荡周期：年代际变化表现为20世纪50,60和70年代相差很小,80年代后具有明显减少的趋势．各区域热带气旋降水量的年际和年代际变化显示,华北西部的山西和北部的内蒙减少的趋势最强．     

氧化钇（铒,镱）的合成及上转换发光

采用均相沉淀,马弗炉煅烧的方法,合成了一系列Y2O3∶Er3＋,Yb3＋上转换发光材料.该类材料在波长为980 nm半导体激光器激发下发射出中心波长为564nm的绿色和662nm的红色上转换荧光,分别对应于Er3＋离子的4S3/2/2H11/2→4I15/2和4F9/2→4I15/2跃迁.探讨了不同合成条件对其上转换发光强度和波长的影响,发现沉淀时的pH值,煅烧温度和沉淀中Er3＋、Yb3＋的相对浓度对其发光有显著影响.     

沉淀聚合制备聚二乙烯基苯微粒

利用沉淀聚合方法，自由基引发二乙烯苯聚合，制备了具有较窄粒度分布的聚二乙烯基苯直发细微粒，用扫描电镜对其表面形态和粒度进行了表 征；红外光谱表明这种聚合物超微粒仍存在有较多未反应的悬吊双键，可以继续与其它功能基团进一步反应，且粒度均一可控。