Electrostatic interaction between ion-penetrable membranes in a salt-free medium

A set of coupled equations is given which determines the distributions of the electric potential and counterions in a system of two interacting identical ion-penetrable membranes of thickness d at separation h immersed in a salt-free medium containing only counterions. The solution to these coupled equations also gives the electrostatic repulsive force between the membranes. It is shown that the interaction force remains finite at h-->0, unlike the case of the interaction between two planar charged surfaces (d-->0), and that the interaction force becomes independent of the membrane fixed charge and membrane thickness d at very large h. Finally, an approximate single transcendental equation giving the solution to the coupled equations is derived.     

The circular chemistry conceptual framework: A way forward to sustainability in industry 4.0

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Analysis of critical points on the potential energy surface

A simple classification scheme is proposed for critical points, based only on rankr and signatures of the (n,n)-matrixG of harmonic force constants. The determination ofr ands, e.g. by the well-known factorizationG=L ^T gL (L: triangular matrix,g: diagonal matrix), has several theoretical as well as practical (computational) advantages over the inspection of eigenvalues ofG, so far used in quantum chemistry. The eigenvalues are sufficient butnot necessary for a classification whereas rank and signature are the only necessary and sufficient prerequisites for solving the task. For the purpose of presenting a working example, by calculating only a 2×2 torque constant matrix, it is shown that the coplanar ethylbenzene is unstable in the CNDO/2 picture.     

磁场中的有效势能和相互作用能

本文讨论磁场中的有效势能和相互作用能,分析有效势能和一般势能——相互作用能的区别。     

UO分子结构与势能函数及基态分子热力学性质

在U的相对论有效原子实势近似和O原子6 311G 全电子基函数下,用密度泛函B3LYP方法计算得到UO分子的结构与势能函数、力常数与光谱数据.同时计算得到UO基态X7∑分子在298K时的标准生成热力学函数ΔfH0、ΔS0和ΔfG0,分别为490.432kJ/mol,106.204J/mol·K和458.768kJ/mol.     

凉山州马铃薯产业现状及发展对策浅析

本文对凉山州马铃薯产业现状、限制因素、潜力及优势等进行了分析,针对问题提出了发展马铃薯应采取的对策。     

NCO自由基与O和N反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函和量子化学从头算方法, 对NCO自由基和O, N原子反应的势能面进行了理论研究, 讨论了主要的反应通道. 这两种自由基反应的机理比较类似, 初始都有两种进攻方式. NCO与O的主反应通道是O原子从N端无势垒加合, 经过一低垒过渡态, 得到稳定产物P1(CO+NO), 而对NCO与N反应得到了一完整反应通道和无垒加合产物.     

Electrochemical Oxidation of Ammonia on Ir Anode in Potential Fixed Electrochemical Sensor

Ir catalyst possesses a good electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for the oxidation of NH3 and/or NH4OH at Ir anode in the potential fixed electrochemical sensor with the neutral solution. Owing to the same electrochemical behavior of NH3 and NH4OH in a NaClO4 solution, NH4OH can be used instead of NH3 for the experimental convenience. It was found that the potential of the oxidation peak of NH4OH at the Ir/GC electrode in NaClO4 solutions is at about 0.85 V, and the current density of the oxidation peak of NH4OH is linearly proportional to the concentration of NHaOH. The electrocatalytic oxidation of NH4OH is diffusion-controlled. Especially, Ir has no electrocatalytic activity for the CO oxidation, illustrating that CO does not interfere in the measurement of NH4OH and the potential fixed electrochemical NH3 sensor with the neutral solution, and the anodic Ir catalyst possesses a good selectivity. Therefore, Ir may have practical application in the potential fixed electrochemical NH3 sensor with the neutral solution.     

知识势差模型下运动处方课程教学改革探析

[目的]运动处方课程是体育学类专业开设的一门新兴应用性课程,通过分析该课程各教学环节特点及现状,提出教学改革思路及优化方案,为提升整体教学效果提供理论参考。[方法]以知识势差模型视角剖析运动处方课程教学中的知识势、知识阻、连接反馈机制等因素。[结果]运动处方课程知识传导效率、教学效果与主体间的知识势差成正相关关系;由于信息不确定、考核不完善、教学信息传导不准确等原因,可能导致该课程在教学过程中产生知识传导损耗现象,从而减少教学的有效能量,降低知识传导的效率;同时学习环境营造对知识的传授会产生一定影响。[结论]师生知识势差、传播介质类型及知识传播产生的知识阻都会影响运动处方课程课的教学效果,对其进行改善有利于提高课程的教学效果。     

6-BA对防风种子发芽特性的研究

为了解6-BA对防风种子萌发和生长的调节作用,本研究采用不同浓度6-BA对当年采集野生防风种子进行处理,观察其发芽情况.结果表明：用浓度10mg/L6-BA浸泡种子1h,种子发芽率最高（56.4%）、发芽势最高（41.5%）、胚根最长（2.5cm）,分别比对照组高16.8%、16.9%和0.7cm;浓度为80mg/L6-BA浸泡2h发芽率最低（21.6%）,发芽势最低（13.4%）,胚根最短（0.2cm）,分别比对照组低21.1%,13.4%和1.63cm.随着6-BA浓度的增高和浸泡时间的增加,发芽率、发芽势、胚根长都呈下降趋势.