No Lacuna and No Vicious Regress: A Reply to Le Poidevin

In his “Space, supervenience and substantivalism”, Le Poidevin proposes a substantivalism in which space is discrete, implying that there are unmediated spatial relations between neighboring primitive points. This proposition is motivated by his concern that relationism suffers from an explanatory lacuna and that substantivalism gives rise to a vicious regress. Le Poidevin implicitly requires that the relationist be committed to the “only x and y” principle regarding spatial relations. It is not obvious that the relationist is committed to this principle in such a context. An additional motivation for Le Poidevin's argument, that space should be considered to be discrete, is that he believes that substantivalists are committed to a vicious regress. I show that the regress is in fact not of the vicious variety. These two main arguments show that Le Poidevin's suggestion that we drop the density postulate for space is unnecessary.

不同年份窖泥细菌16S rDNA系统发育分析

本研究直接提取5、10、20、50年窖泥细菌总DNA,扩增16SrDNA并构建克隆文库后进行系统发育分析.结果表明,随着年份增加,细菌多样性指数呈现出先增加后略有下降最后回升稳定的趋势;198个阳性克隆子划分成43个分类操作单位(OTUs),按优势顺序依次为Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes、Chloroflexi、unclassified Bacteria、Proteobacteria、Tenericutes、Actinobacteria、Planctomycetes和Spirochaetes.不同年份窖泥中优势菌不同,在5、50年窖泥中紫单胞菌科占优势,而在10、20年窖泥中梭菌目占优势.其中Petrimonas、Rikenellaceae、Syntrophomonadaceae、Clostridium、Lactobacillus等细菌均有发现,它们在窖泥老熟和白酒风味物质生成过程中发挥着重要作用.     

不定方程x~2+y~2=z~2的若干推广与统一解法

本文对不定方程x2+y2=z2给出了四个推广,并用一种统一的解法对这四个推广给出了解答.     

White Noise Approach Construction of Ф4 4 Quantum to The Fields （Ⅱ）

In this paper a complete proof for the existence of generalized operators satisfying abstract 02 dynamical equations of quantum motions δ^2/δt^2Ф（t, x） ＋ （ △- m^2）Ф（t, x） = -λ ：Ф^3（t, x）, subject to a suitable initial condition, is given under the framework of white noise analysis. Also some important commutation relations related to Ф44 quantum fields are discussed and proved in detail.     

产生旁瓣的激光波前功率谱密度与焦斑性能分析

讨论了在放置与不放置焦斑形态控制器件 KPP的两种情况下 ,采用功率谱密度模拟分析有旁瓣焦斑的激光束波前分布的特点 ,并由此探讨高功率激光驱动器在无旁瓣的聚焦情形下 ,对入射到打靶透镜的激光束波前畸变量的控制要求。     

Influence of the soliton in anharmonic molecular crystals with temperature on Mössbauer effect

The influence of a soliton on the properties of the M?ssbauer effect resulting from the gamma-active nuclei situated at lattice sites in quasi-one-dimensional anharmonically organic molecular chains, in which the active nuclei emit gamma-photons, has been theoretically studied by a quantum vibrational model. An expression for the gamma-radiated M?ssbauer transition probability as a function of the temperature and non-linear interaction has been obtained. Finally we give some new properties of this effect from numerical calculation in such a case, which present a way to experimentally confirm the soliton existence in molecular crystals. Received 9 April 1998 and Received in final form 11 December 1998     

Magnetic interactions in the monoclinic ludwigite Cu FeO BO

The system Cu₂FeO₂BO₃ is an oxyborate belonging to the family of the ludwigites. In this paper we present AC susceptibility, magnetization measurements and M?ssbauer spectroscopy on this material which allows for a complete characterization of its complex magnetic behavior. We find an hierarchy of interactions which clearly defines three regimes with decreasing temperature. These are associated with, the freezing of the Fe moments, the antiferromagnetic ordering of the Cu sub-lattice and finally the coupling between both systems. Received 25 September 1998     

Analytical solutions for the energy distribution of charged particles in a weak electric field

The paper deals with the stationary distribution of charged particles moving in a material medium, having scattering and absorption properties, in which a uniform electric field is present. The purpose of the work is finding analytical solutions in simplified but physically significant situations and comparing different approximations based on a spherical-harmonics expansion of the velocity distribution. Received: 28 July 1998     

Mössbauer study of the vibrational anisotropy and of the light-induced population of metastable states in single-crystalline guanidinium nitroprusside

M?ssbauer studies were performed on single crystals of guanidinium nitroprusside with different orientations of their principal crystallographic axes (a, b, c) with respect to the incident radiation. The markedly anisotropic Lamb-M?ssbauer factor f _LM , i.e. f _LM ^(a) = 0.118(8), f _LM ^(b) = 0.174(8), f _LM ^(c) = 0.202(8) is in contrast to that of nitroprussides with inorganic anions. The observed anisotropy is ascribed to the anisotropic vibrational mean-square displacement of the nitroprusside anions as a whole which is due to the specific packing of both, anions and cations, as well as the very weak chemical bonding between the ions, typical only for guanidinium nitroprusside. The vibrational anisotropy of iron atoms in barium nitroprusside that has been observed by X-ray structural investigations has a different origin and therefore does not result in an anisotropic Lamb-M?ssbauer factor. We have also investigated metastable states in guanidinium nitroprusside that have been populated by means of incoherent irradiation from light-emitting diodes. With a specific orientation of the guanidinium nitroprusside single crystal a population of the metastable states up to 26% could be achieved. Populations of comparable size on lithium, sodium and potassium nitroprussides have only been reached using coherent laser irradiation. Received 15 December 1998 and Received in final form 3 March 1999     

Amann三解定理的改进及其应用

本文对非线性泛函分析中著名的Ａｍａｎｎ三解定理作了本质性的改进,并将其结果应用到核函数不恒为正的Ｈａｍｍｅｒｓｔｅｉｎ型积分方程,得到了新的结论．