Bubble and liquid turbulence characteristics of bubbly flow in a large diameter vertical pipe

The bubble and liquid turbulence characteristics of air–water bubbly flow in a 200 mm diameter vertical pipe was experimentally investigated. The bubble characteristics were measured using a dual optical probe, while the liquid-phase turbulence was measured using hot-film anemometry. Measurements were performed at six liquid superficial velocities in the range of 0.2–0.68 m/s and gas superficial velocity from 0.005 to 0.18 m/s, corresponding to an area average void fraction from 1.2% to 15.4%. At low void fraction flow, the radial void fraction distribution showed a wall peak which changed to a core peak profile as the void fraction was increased. The liquid average velocity and the turbulence intensities were less uniform in the core region of the pipe as the void fraction profile changed from a wall to a core peak. In general, there is an increase in the turbulence intensities when the bubbles are introduced into the flow. However, a turbulence suppression was observed close to the wall at high liquid superficial velocities for low void fractions up to about 1.6%. The net radial interfacial force on the bubbles was estimated from the momentum equations using the measured profiles. The radial migration of the bubbles in the core region of the pipe, which determines the shape of the void profile, was related to the balance between the turbulent dispersion and the lift forces. The ratio between these forces was characterized by a dimensionless group that includes the area averaged Eötvös number, slip ratio, and the ratio between the apparent added kinetic energy to the actual kinetic energy of the liquid. A non-dimensional map based on this dimensionless group and the force ratio is proposed to distinguish the conditions under which a wall or core peak void profile occurs in bubbly flows.     

论区县市政地下管网的规范管理

如何控制、避免和解决城区市政地下管网存在问题,保证各管网管线的安全有序运行,必须科学、规范、有序地进行城市管理。     

PIV measurement of particle motion in spiral gas–solid two-phase flow

With a concise review on some basic and novel algorithms and methods for the techniques of particle-imaging velocimetry (PIV), the paper reports an application of the PIV techniques to the investigation of particle motion in a gas–solid two-phase spiral flow in a horizontal tube. Axial velocities of the transported particles are obtained. Some important features of particle motion governing high transportation efficiency of the spiral flow are revealed by investigating probability density distribution of particle locations in a pipe cross-section.     

钢管溜筒在冶勒水电站压力管道长斜井回填混凝土浇筑中的成功运用

本文主要介绍冶勒水电站压力管道混凝土浇筑施工技术。在冶勒水电站压力管道混凝土浇筑施工中,采取了系列非常规施工方案,沿用并发展了钢管溜筒施工技术,成功运用了Ф219厚壁钢管作为溜筒进行长斜井混凝土浇筑,以及利用钢花管对涌水洞段进行引排水处理的施工方法。通过上述措施方案,成功地解决了本工程压力钢管斜井深长、坡度陡、渗水量大、钢管直径大和回填空间狭窄等实际施工困难,为压力钢管混凝土浇筑施工提供了很好的经验借鉴作用。     

基于深度学习的管道焊缝超声检测缺陷识别方法

目前深度学习的方法已经很好的应用于基于图像数据的管道焊缝缺陷自动检测,但是对于深度学习辅助超声无损检测却进展缓慢。主要原因是超声无损检测数据的复杂性(步长大、多模态、多峰分布等),神经网络训练往往出现梯度消失或爆炸的问题,而且能用于训练的标准数据集也严重匮乏。为了克服这些困难,首先引入特殊标准化方法和全连接隐含层实现了一种超声无损检测数据增强方法FMC-GAN构建虚拟数据集,再根据改进的LSTM-FCN模型并引入门函数,以此彻底克服超声无损检测数据复杂性。最后实验表明LSTM-FCN网络识别真实检测数据中的缺陷漏检率为0,各缺陷综合正确识别率高于95.6%,达到工业检测的要求,为超声无损检测智能化发展提供重要研究基础。     

ZX7－125S型场效应管逆变焊机的研制

对国产ＺＸ７－１２５Ｓ型逆变电焊机的主电路和控制电路的工作过程进行了分析，提出了获得下降外特性的原理并推导出了其数学表达式，为场效应管逆变焊机的研制提供了新经验     

巧用拉伸法建立冷却管的三维有限元模型

大型有限元软件ANSYS功能强大，单元类型众多。当采用间接法对锌液冷却管进行热应力计算分析时，温度场的计算和应力分析是非线性的，热分析与结构分析两步骤之间是有数据传递的，因此模型网格划分必须采用映射网格。拉伸法非常适合于建立形状复杂，要求网格具有对应性的热一结构耦合有限元模型。章介绍了用拉伸法建立锌液冷却管的三维有限元模型的基本方法，为类似的工程有限元建模计算提供了参考。     

部分负荷工况多联式空调系统性能的实验研究

针对变负荷工况及室外温度对多联机系统制冷量和冷量衰减的影响,搭建了多联式空调系统的实验台。研究室外机进风温度下,室内机开启的台数对变负荷工况下系统性能的影响。结果表明:随着负荷率的升高,冷量衰减值逐渐增大,开启的台数越多冷量衰减的越大;室外机进口温度的升高,造成冷量的衰减远大于部分负荷的衰减值。     

Analytical solutions of laminar swirl decay in a straight pipe

In this work, the laminar swirl flow in a straight pipe is revisited and solved analytically by using prescribed axial flow velocity profiles. Based on two axial velocity profiles, namely a slug flow and a developed parabolic velocity profiles, the swirl velocity equation is solved by the separation of variable technique for a rather general inlet swirl velocity distribution, which includes a forced vortex in the core and a free vortex near the wall. The solutions are expressed by the Bessel function for the slug flow and by the generalized Laguerre function for the developed parabolic velocity. Numerical examples are calculated and plotted for different combinations of influential parameters. The effects of the Reynolds number, the pipe axial distance, and the inlet swirl profiles on the swirl velocity distribution and the swirl decay are analyzed. The current results offer analytical equations to estimate the decay rate and the outlet swirl intensity and velocity distribution for the design of swirl flow devices.     

Advanced numerical method for a thermally induced slug flow: application to a capillary closed loop pulsating heat pipe

An advanced hybrid lumped parameter code for the simulation of Pulsating Heat Pipes is developed. Being able to simulate transient operative conditions and removing common physical simplified assumptions, it represents a step forward with respect to the present models of passive two‐phase systems. Mass, momentum and energy balances account for the thermal and fluid‐dynamics phenomena. Heterogeneous and homogeneous phase changes are directly integrated. In addition, a fitting correlation for the wall/vapour heat transfer coefficient is implemented and tuned against experimental data in order to evaluate the influence of the liquid film on conjugate heat transfer. The resulting numerical tool have been validated against experimental data achieved testing a copper pulsating heat pipe during the 58th ESA Parabolic Flight Campaign in several operative conditions and transient gravity levels. The predicted results show very good matching with the actual thermo‐physical behaviour of the system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.