Identification of myosin heavy chain isoforms in porcine longissimus dorsi muscle by electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms have been considered as makers for muscle fiber types in relation to meat quality, whereas MHC isoforms in porcine skeletal muscle have not been fully identified. The improved technique of SDS‐PAGE and 2DE were used to separate porcine MHC isoforms. Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies including BA‐F8 (anti‐MHC slow/I), SC‐71 (anti‐MHC 2a and 2x), 10F5 (anti‐MHC 2b), and BF‐35 (anti‐MHC slow/I and 2a) and MS were used to confirm MHC migration rate and identify MHC isoforms from separated bands and spots. Up to 45% w/v of glycerol, 8% w/v of acrylamide content, and 25 h of electrophoretic time at 70 V allowed a clear separation of MHC isoforms. Major MHC isoforms such as slow, 2a, 2x, and 2b were clearly separated by SDS‐PAGE. A total of 23 MHC spots were separated and identified by 2DE and MS. Therefore, four MHC isoforms such as slow/I, 2a, 2x, and 2b could be identified by the improved SDS‐PAGEtechnique, 2DE and MS. Therefore, these techniques allow more accurate and accessible analysis in muscle fiber typing and in relationship between MHC isoforms, muscle fiber characteristics, and pork quality.     

Development and application of molecularly imprinted polymers as solid-phase sorbents for erythromycin extraction

Six molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) of erythromycin (ERY) were prepared by noncovalent bulk polymerization using methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer. On the basis of binding analysis, the MIPs with 1:2 optimum ratio of template to MAA were selected for subsequent scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses, which indicated that the MIPs had more convergent porous structures than the nonimprinted polymers. The equilibrium binding experiments showed that the binding sites of MIPs were heterogeneous, with two dissociation constants of 0.005 and 0.63 mg mL⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the MIPs as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents was evaluated, and the selectivity analysis showed that the MIPs could recognize ERY with moderate cross-reactivity for other macrolides. The overall investigation of molecularly imprinted SPE for cleanup and enrichment of the ERY in pig muscle and tap water confirmed the feasibility of utilizing the MIPs obtained as specific SPE sorbents for ERY extraction in real samples. Figure Schematic diagram of the preparation and application of the erythromycin imprinted molecularly imprinted polymers Suquan Song and Aibo Wu contributed equally to this work.     

Combining visible and near-infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics to trace muscles from an autochthonous breed of pig produced in Uruguay: a feasibility study

Visible (Vis) and near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was explored as a tool to trace muscles from autochthonous and crossbreed pigs from Uruguay. Muscles were sourced from two breeds, namely, the Pampa-Rocha (PR) and the Pampa-Rocha x Duroc (PRxD) crossbreed. Minced muscles were scanned in the Vis and NIR regions (400–2,500 nm) in a monochromator instrument in reflectance. Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant partial least square regression (DPLS), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on PCA scores and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used to identify the origin of the muscles based on Vis and NIR data. Full cross validation was used as validation method when classification models were developed. DPLS correctly classified 87% of PR and 78% of PRxD muscle samples. LDA calibration models correctly classified 87 and 67% of muscles as PR and PRxD, respectively. SIMCA correctly classified 100% of PR muscles. The results demonstrated the usefulness of Vis and NIR spectra combined with chemometrics as rapid method for authentication and identification of muscles according to the breed of pig.     

Determination of cholesterol in fat and muscle of pig by HPLC and capillary gas chromatography with solvent venting injection

Two methods for determination of cholesterol in fat and muscle of pig were evaluated: extraction with chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) followed by saponification (method 1) and direct saponification (method 2). HPLC and GC were used to determine cholesterol concentrations. GC analysis was performed with a capillary column of 100 μm using a PTV injector in the modes of cold split and solvent venting. Cholesterol was analyzed without derivatization. Both methods of extraction did not present significant differences (p > 0.01). Sample analysis by GC with solvent venting injection and HPLC showed the lowest % r.s.d. but GC in the cold split mode allowed to obtain a shorter analysis time. Cholesterol concentrations obtained by HPLC were not statistically different from the results obtained by GC with solvent venting injection and were slightly lower than those previously reported. Cholesterol concentrations in fat and muscle tissues respectively ranged from 52 to 77 mg/100 g and from 55 to 65 mg/100 g.     

猪血淋巴细胞的保存和应用

本文首次报道经过培养和固定后的猪血淋巴细胞的保存方法及其在染色体标本制备和分带中的应用。保存细胞可随用随取,给染色体研究工作带来了极大便利。     

猪生长激素受体(GHR)基因启动子的 克隆及功能分析

本研究以猪作为研究模型, 对GHR基因启动子区开展了克隆 、转录因子结合位点分析和启动子活性鉴定.结果表明: 家猪GHR基因或由两个启动子(GHR P1和GHR P2)控制.GHR P1的部分核苷酸序列与牛、羊对应核苷酸序列具有较高的同源性, 但功能分析显示其启动子活性较低.针对GHR P2的实验结果表明其具有典型的GHR组成型启动子特征, 荧光素酶报告实验表明其具有启动子活性, 因此我们推测本次克隆获得的GHR P2是猪GHR的组成型启动子.     

Inert matrix and Na4EDTA improve the supercritical fluid extraction efficiency of fluoroquinolones for HPLC determination in pig tissues

A supercritical fluid extraction method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in pig muscle, lung, and kidney samples. The optimal SFE conditions were 80 °C, 300 kg/cm², 30% methanol for 40 min as a dynamic extraction time, in addition to 0.2 g Na₄EDTA and 7.0 g sea sand in the extraction vessel. The use of Na₄EDTA and sea sand on SFE extraction resulted in improvement of the recoveries of ciprofloxacin, a polar and hydrophilic compound, as well as enrofloxacin and danofloxacin. Overall, the recoveries ranged from 86.7 to 113.1% using the Na₄EDTA/sea sand-assisted SFE extraction method. The Na₄EDTA/sea sand-assisted SFE-HPLC-FLD validated method was successfully carried out in pig tissues, and proved to be specific, sensitive, reliable, and accurate. The method was also applied satisfactorily for accurate quantitative residue analysis in incurred pig tissues.     

猪肝脏中盐酸克伦特罗残留量的检测

从某农贸市场随机抽取30份猪肝脏，采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对猪肝脏中盐酸克伦特罗残留进行了检测，以1ng／g为标准划定阳性检出率，检测结果阳性检出率为6．7％，表明在该地区仍有超量使用盐酸克伦特罗的现象。ELISA法简便快速，适于在基层推广使用。     

香猪某些免疫学指标的测定

本试验用常规方法对不同日龄香猪的淋巴细胞转化率、血清补体效价和血清中γ球蛋白的含量等免疫学指标进行了测定，以哈白猪作为对比，为从免疫学角度来评价香猪作为动物模型是否适宜提供理论依据。试验结果表明，相同日龄的香猪与哈白猪之间淋巴细胞转化率差异显著，哈白猪高于香猪；血清中γ球蛋白含量差异显著，香猪高于哈白猪；血清补体效价差异不显著。     

猪胚胎干细胞(EG)嵌合体鉴定研究

应用微卫星技术,检测验证经显微注射胚胎干细胞(EG)而获得的嵌合体猪,在其各种组织中的外源基因的嵌合情况。结果表明:本研究中所获得嵌合体猪的皮肤、大脑、胰、甲状腺、血有外源基因嵌合,而其肺、肝、脾、肾、空肠、卵巢这些组织并没有嵌合。