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991.
Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo Giorgio Guattari Carmine Sapia Dario Ambrosini Domenica Paoletti Giorgio Accardo 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2000,33(2):141
In the present work, we propose a simple optical method to perform profilometry on works of art. The method is based on the projection of a Ronchi grating onto the surface to be analyzed. When viewed at an angle different from the projection angle, the grid pattern appears deformed by the surface shape. This pattern is digitized, by a high-resolution CCD camera, and then processed using a Fourier transform analysis. The technique is free from the errors caused by higher harmonic components of the grating pattern. Furthermore, the method relies on very simple equipment and it is therefore suitable for in situ measurements. Theoretical details and examples of the technique in operation are given. 相似文献
992.
通过本乙烯基吡啶和不同脂肪羧酸间的氢键作用构成液晶的方法具有合成路线灵活、简便、易于变化的特点,本文通过变温红外光谱对做为质子受体的苯乙烯基吡啶粉液晶化合物的分子结构和相变过程中分子排列的变化进行了研究,结果表明在液晶分子中象羰基这样的偶极矩较大的极性基团,对分子所处的相态分子间的相互排列比较敏感。在红外光谱中羰基伸缩振动的变化可以看作是液晶分子相态转变的标志。 相似文献
993.
In this paper, we describe a new method for achieving phase-difference amplification, which is quick and convenient, operates in real time, and requires no photographic steps. Magnification factors of 2, 4 or 6 are achieved easily in one step. Because the system operates in real time, phase stepping may be applied to extract the amplified phase distributions. Our method is a variation on longitudinally reversed shearing interferometry, using first- or higher-order diffraction from a grating (hologram) which is in fact the interferogram of the wavefront under test. The grating is derived from a standard two-beam interferometer which is phase-stepped, and displayed in real time on a spatial light modulator in the phase-difference amplification setup. It is illuminated by the two output beams from a Sagnac interferometer, similar to the set up used by (Barnes et al. Barnes TH, Eiju T, Matsuda K. Appl Opt 1986; 25:1864). for spectral resolution enhancement, and a phase-amplified fringe pattern is obtained by spatial filtering using a Fourier transform lens. We demonstrate operation of the phase amplifier and show amplified phase maps retrieved by phase-stepping. We believe this is the first time that real-time phase amplification without photographic steps and with phase stepping has been demonstrated. 相似文献
994.
Ordered phases of Sr on Mo(112) and their phase transitions have been studied up to one physical monolayer as a function of both coverage and temperature using optical LEED. Starting at a coverage of 0.07, islands of a p(8×1) structure are formed at 100 K, which coexist with a disordered lattice gas. The formation of incommensurate structures with properties of floating solids starts already at coverages slightly above the completed p(8×1) commensurate structure (θ=0.125). The latter itself behaves like a floating solid and undergoes a depinning transition at T≈125 K, similar to the next commensurate structure, p(5×1), which is formed at θ=0.20. Floating solids are found in the whole coverage range between 0.12 and 0.23. At higher coverage coexistence between p(5×1) and c(2×2) structures is found, which melt by forming intermediate two-dimensional eutectics, i.e. coexistence regions with their melts, with an eutectic point at θ=0.37, Teu=310 K. Close to a coverage of 0.5 a homogenous phase is formed, which disorders by a continuous phase transition, as explicitly tested by determination of the critical exponents β of the order parameter and ν of the correlation length. It is shown that the system belongs to the universality class of the Ising model. An incommensurate phase is again formed at higher coverage due to uniaxial compression of the layers. The behaviour at low coverages can be qualitatively understood assuming lateral interactions along the furrows mainly caused by dipole–dipole interactions and electrostatic screening of the adsorbate induced charge redistribution. 相似文献
995.
The traffic states are investigated for the noisy traffic flow in the presence of a bottleneck under the open boundary condition. The phase diagrams of the different kinds of congested traffic are presented for different values of sensitivity (the inverse of delay time). It is shown that the five different types of traffic states appear below the critical point: the free traffic with a pinned localized cluster, the weak standing shock, the moving localized cluster, the oscillatory congested traffic, and the strong standing shock. Above the critical point, the moving localized cluster and oscillatory congested traffic do not occur. Also, in the traffic flow without noise, the moving localized cluster and oscillatory congested traffic do not appear. 相似文献
996.
Gibbs energy modeling of iron–nickel pentlandite has been performed using experimental data of ternary phase equilibria. A three-sublattice approach in the framework of the Compound Energy Formalism is developed to refine a two-sublattice model of pentlandite recently applied within a complete assessment of the Fe–Ni–S system. Experimental data about the iron site fraction on the octahedral sublattice at 523.15 K for the composition Fe5Ni4S8 as well as the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K for the composition Fe4.5Ni4.5S8 are predicted satisfactorily by the novel model. New possibilities to interpret experimental phase equilibrium data on complex phase relations with pentlandite are discussed together on the basis of the recent extension of a second high-temperature heazlewoodite phase to a ternary solution phase. 相似文献
997.
应用关联有效场理论研究了三维混自旋稀释Ising亚铁磁系统的基态磁特性,计算了铁磁系统相图随原子浓度的变化规律,得出基态磁化强度曲线及补偿温度. 相似文献
998.
Yan Liu Jinshan Li Bin Tang William Yi Wang Yudong Chu Lei Zhu Weiqing Bi Xiaofei Chen Hongchao Kou 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2023,33(2):193-202
The microstructural evolution and creep behavior of the Ti-43.5Al–4Nb–1Mo-0.1B alloy have been investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The excellent creep property was obtained with a fully lamellar(FL) microstructure containing the least grain boundary βo phase(GB-βo).TEM results revealed that after creep testing the α2→βophase transformation was observed in the FL microstructure. The formation βophase is asso... 相似文献
999.
Jochen Glaser Simone Dill Michael Marzini Hermann A. Mayer H.‐Jürgen Meyer 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2001,627(5):1090-1094
(Meta)stable CaC2 One out of four modifications of CaC2 is the so‐called metastable Calcium Carbide, CaC2‐III, which was synthesized as pure material. It forms by heating monoclinic CaC2‐II (C2/c) above 150 °C and remains stable after cooling down to room temperature. The structure was refined from X‐ray powder patterns (C2/m, Z = 4, a = 722.6(1) pm, b = 385.26(7) pm, c = 737.6(1) pm, β = 107.345(2)°). After grinding CaC2‐III transforms back into CaC2‐II. Heating CaC2‐III induces a reversible phase transition into the cubic modification (CaC2‐IV) at 460 °C. Differences between the three different structures of CaC2 I–III, being stable at ambient conditions are also shown by 13C‐MAS‐NMR measurements, especially the presence of two distinct types of carbon atoms in the structure of the title compound. 相似文献
1000.
The System KCl/ErCl3 and the Modifications of Compounds K3LnCl6 (Ln = Ce–Lu, Y) The phase diagram of the system KCl/ErCl3 was investigated by DTA and XRD. Two compounds exist: KEr2Cl7 incongruently and K3ErCl6 congruently melting. Their thermodynamic functions for the formation from KCl and ErCl3 were determined by solution calorimetry and emf vs T measurements in a galvanic cell for solid electrolytes. Both compounds are stable down to 0 K. – K3ErCl3 exists in three modifications. The structure of T–K3ErCl6 was determined by single crystal measurements: S.G. P21/c; Z = 4; a = 1309.8(5), b = 767.1(3), c = 1252.6(4) pm, β = 109.94(2)°. – A survey of all known results on compounds K3LnCl6 reveals, that from Ln = Ce to Ln = Ho they only are stable at higher temperatures, > 521 °C (Ce) and > –27 °C (Ho), resp. 相似文献