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131.
Titanate nanoribbons were prepared via a hydrothermal treatment of rutile-type TiO2 powders in a 10 M NaOH solution at 200 °C for 48 h. The as-prepared titanate nanoribbons were then hydrothermally post-treated at 150 °C for 12-36 h. The titanate nanoribbons before and after hydrothermal post-treatment were characterized with FESEM, XRD, TEM, UV-VIS and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results showed that the hydrothermal post-treatment not only promoted the phase transformation from titanate to anatase TiO2, but also was beneficial to the removal of Na+ ions remained in the titanate nanoribbons. After hydrothermal post-treatment, the TiO2 samples retained the one-dimensional structure feature of the titanate nanoribbons and showed an obvious increase in the specific surface area and the pore volume. 相似文献
132.
Y. Goto K. Nakashima K. Mitsuishi M. Takafuji S. Sakaki H. Ihara 《Chromatographia》2002,56(1-2):19-23
Summary Poly(octadecyl acrylate) exists in a crystalline state at room temperature. This crystalline state was formed even after being
grafted onto silica through the terminal group of the polymer. When this polymer-grafted silica (Sil-ODAn) was used as a reversed phase liquid chromatography packing material, better selectivity for diastereomerized phenylethylamines
derivatized by (S)-(−)-(2,3-naphthalenedicarboximidyl)propionyl fluoride was observed at room temperature than was observed
for simple octadecylated silica (ODS). On the other hand, increasing temperature reduced the selectivity to be close to that
of ODS. Additional experiments showed the better selectivity derived from Sil-ODAn was due to both the highly-oriented structure of the polymer and the carbonyl-π interaction with the diastereomer. A theoretical
investigation of this carbonyl-π interaction is also described briefly. 相似文献
133.
Reaction steps and mechanisms of the thermal dehydration of lithium metaborate dihydrate were investigated by means of thermoanalytical measurements, high temperature powder X-ray diffractometry, FT-IR spectroscopy, and microscopic observations. The first half of thermal dehydration was characterized by the melting of the sample producing viscous surface layer, the formation of bubbles on the particle surfaces, and the sudden mass-loss taking place by an opportunity of cracking and/or bursting of the bubble surface layer. The second half of the dehydration with a long-tailed mass-loss process in a wide temperature region was divided further into three distinguished reaction steps by the measurements of controlled rate thermal analysis. During the course of the thermal dehydration, four different poorly crystalline phases of intermediate hydrates were observed, in addition to an amorphous phase produced by an isothermal annealing. Just after completing the thermal dehydration, an exothermic DTA peak of the crystallization of β-LiBO2 was appeared at around 750 K. The phase transition from β-LiBO2 to α-LiBO2 was observed in the temperature range of 800-900 K, which subsequently melted by indicating a sharp endothermic DTA peak with the onset temperature at 1101.4 ± 0.6 K. 相似文献
134.
A polarizable molecular dynamics model for adiabatic electron transfer across the electrode|electrolyte interface is presented. The electronic polarizability of the water and of the metal electrode is accounted for by a dynamical fluctuating charge algorithm, image charges, and the Ewald summation adapted for a conducting interface. The effects of the solvent electronic polarizability are studied by computing the diabatic and adiabatic free energy curves for both polarizable and non-polarizable water models. This represents the first effort to compute the adiabatic free energy curves from simulation for a fully polarizable electrochemical system. 相似文献
135.
Itaru Yamashita Youhei Kawabata Tadashi Kato Masakatsu Hato Hiroyuki Minamikawa 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2004,250(1-3):485-490
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is measured for the lamellar phase in aqueous systems of 1-o-β-3,7-dimethyoctyl-D-glucopyranoside (β-Glc(Ger)), which has recently been prepared by us, 1-o-β-decyl-D-glucopyranoside (β-GlcC10), and 1-o-β-octyl-D-glucopyranoside (β-GlcC8). The repeat distance d obtained from the position of the diffraction peak does not follow the swelling law d = 2δhc/hc, where δhc and hc are the thickness and the volume fraction of the hydrophobic layer, respectively. This may result from the fact that δhc increases and, equivalently, the surface area per surfactant molecule (as) decreases with increasing concentration. So we calculate δhc and as from the observed d value at each concentration using the above swelling law. The half-thickness δhc increases in the order β-GlcC8 < β-Glc(Ger) < β-GlcC10 at a fixed concentration. On the other hand, the data on as for β-GlcC10 and β-GlcC8 lie on the same line and the data for β-Glc(Ger) lies above this line. These results suggest that the cross-sectional area of the geranyl chain is larger than that of the glucose headgroup. Existence of water filled defects in bilayer sheets is also discussed based on the SAXS pattern and the concentration dependence of d. 相似文献
136.
Summary. Two main types of binary systems with distinctive solubility behavior under sub- and supercritical conditions were used to
subdivide ternary water-salt systems into three classes. Characteristic features of solubility behavior and phase equilibria
in ternary water-salt systems of each class at temperatures above 200°C are discussed on the basis of available experimental
data and some conclusions obtained as a result of theoretical derivation of fluid and complete phase diagrams.
Corresponding author. E-mail: Valyashko@IGIC.RAS.RU
Received September 25, 2002; accepted (revised) November 28, 2002
Published online April 24, 2003
RID="a"
ID="a" Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. Gamsjaeger on the occasion of his 70th birthday anniversary 相似文献
137.
As a model for a binary alloy undergoing an unmixing phase transition, we consider a square lattice where each site can be either taken by an A atom, a B atom, or a vacancy (V), and there exists a repulsive interaction between AB nearest neighbor pairs. Starting from a random initial configuration, unmixing proceeds via random jumps of A atoms or B atoms to nearest neighbor vacant sites. In the absence of any interaction, these jumps occur at jump rates
A and
B, respectively. For a small concentration of vacancies (c
v=0.04) the dynamics of the structure factorS(k,t) and its first two momentsk
1(t),k
2
2
(t) is studied during the early stages of phase separation, for several choices of concentrationc
B of B atoms. Forc
B=0.18 also the time evolution of the cluster size distribution is studied. Apart from very early times, the mean cluster sizel(t) as well as the moments of the structure function depend on timet and the ratio of the jump rates (=
B/
A) only via a scaled timet/(). Qualitatively, the behavior is very similar to the direct exchange model containing no vacancies. Consequences for phase separation of real alloys are briefly discussed. 相似文献
138.
Miscibility and phase separation in SAN/PMMA blends have been investigated using DSC, IR spectroscopy and positron lifetime spectroscopy (PLS). Single broad glass transition observed throughout the blend compositions, may be due to overlap of two glass transitions. IR measurements clearly indicate the absence of strong interactions. This supports miscibility is due to intramolecular repulsive forces in the SAN component. On the other hand, free volume data show negative deviation from linear additivity indicating the blends are miscible. The interchain interaction parameter β exhibits a complex behavior and the extent of miscibility is not revealed. Following Wolf’s treatment, we have evaluated the geometry factor γ and hydrodynamic interaction parameter α and found α is a suitable parameter in predicting the miscibility window. The cloud points in SAN/PMMA blends increase with decreasing PMMA content. The change in free volume size correlates well with the observed change in cloud point. 相似文献
139.
140.
A robust flow injection (FI) on-line liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) preconcentration/separation system associated with a newly designed gravitational phase separator, coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed. The performance of the system was illustrated for cadmium determination at the μg l−1 level. The non-charged cadmium complex with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) was extracted on-line into isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK). The organic phase was effectively separated from a large volume of aqueous phase and is led into a 100 μl loop of an injection valve before its introduction into the nebulizer. The system was optimized and offered good performance characteristics with unlimited life time of phase separator, greater flow rate ratios and improved flexibility, as compared with other solvent extraction preconcentration systems. With a sampling frequency of 33 h−1, the enhancement factor was 155, the detection limit was 0.02 μg l−1, the relative standard deviation was 3.2% at 2.0 μg l−1 Cd concentration level and the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 0.06-6.0 μg l−1. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing a certified reference material of water and by recovery measurements on spiked samples. Finally, it was successfully applied to the analysis of tapwater, river and seawater samples. 相似文献