性成熟黄颡鱼精巢的年周期变化：Ⅰ.生精部的周年 …

黄颡鱼的精巢从外形上分为上、下两段。上段为生精部,下段为贮精囊。性成熟黄颡鱼精巢的生精部为小叶型结构,其周年变化经历如下过程：Ⅲ期－Ⅳ期－Ⅴ期－Ⅵ期－Ⅲ期。４上月下旬开始生精活动的启动。     

二维Helmholtz方程的高阶紧致差分方法

基于二阶导数的四阶Padé型紧致差分逼近式,并结合原方程本身,得到了二维Helm-holtz一种四阶精度的紧致差分格式.该格式在每个空间方向上只涉及到三个点处的未知量及其二阶导数值,边界处对于二阶导数利用四阶显式偏心格式.然后,利用Richardson外推法、算子插值法及二阶导数在边界点处的六阶显式偏心格式,将本文构造的二维Helmholtz方程四阶紧致差分格式的精度提高到六阶.最后,通过数值实验验证了本文方法的精确性和可靠性.     

长江口外羽状流水体中的垂向混合与层化的观测与分析

摘要：
2002年9月17日17：00至18日17：00,在长江口外E4站位 (122°40′8″E, 30°59′17″N),采用300 kHz声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)和温盐深仪(CTD)测得连续的水位、流速大小、流向、电导(盐度)和温度等水文资料.基于这些资料,通过文献中相应的公式,估算出水体的密度(ρ)、浮力频率(N)和梯度Richardson数(Ri),并绘制成水流流速分量、盐度、温度、ρ、N和Ri的垂线分布,从而对该站位羽状流水体中的垂向混合与层化进行了研究.结果表明：① 东西向流速分量大小范围为-0.36~0.61 m/s,南北向流速大小范围为-0.59~0.39 m/s.涨急、落急和落憩,流速分量在垂向上变化均不大;涨憩时,表、中、底层流速存在显著差异.② 涨急、涨憩,从表层至底层,盐度随着水深的增加而增大,温度随着水深的增加而减小;落憩,温度在中层达到最大;落急,水体出现显著的密度跃层.③ 该站位表层水体的N均较小,基本在10-3 s-1量级,水体垂向混合较好;中、下层水体的N出现10-2 s-1量级,混合相对较弱.④ 该站位水体垂向混合强度呈现涨、落潮周期变化：涨急、涨憩,Ri范围在10-2 ~101量级,混合较好;落急,Ri在中下层水体出现102量级,水体出现显著层化;落憩,整个水体的Ri大部分都小于临界值0.25,水体混合最充分.
关键词：
长江口外; 羽状流; 浮力频率; 梯度 Richardson数; 混合; 层化
中图分类号： P 731.26
文献标志码： A     

二维非线性Volterra积分方程数值解的渐近展开及其外推

本文讨论了求解二维非线性Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ积分方程的Ｎｙｓｔｒｏｍ方法，得到了数值解的逐项渐近展开。从而可进行Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ外推，提高数值解的精度。     

Extrapolation methods in numerical integration

Extrapolation methods have been used for many years for numerical integration. The most well-known of these methods is Romberg integration. A survey by Joyce on the use of extrapolation in numerical analysis appeared in 1971 in which a substantial portion is devoted to numerical integration. In this paper, we shall survey progress made in this field since 1971. The topics surveyed include partition-extrapolation methods for dealing with singular integrands, the work of Lyness and others in generating asymptotic expansions for the error functional in one and several dimensions, the work of de Doncker and others on adaptive extrapolation and the work of Sidi and others on the evaluation of highly oscillatory infinite integrals by extrapolation. Other extrapolation techniques will be mentioned briefly.     

Error expansion for a first-order upwind difference scheme applied to a model convection-diffusion problem

A singularly perturbed convection–diffusion problem isconsidered. The problem is discretized using a simple first-orderupwind difference scheme on general meshes. We derive an expansionof the error of the scheme that enables uniform error boundswith respect to the perturbation parameter in the discrete maximumnorm for both a defect correction method and the Richardsonextrapolation technique. This generalizes and simplifies resultsobtained in earlier publications by Fröhner et al.(2001,Numer. Algorithms, 26, 281–299) and by Natividad &Stynes (2003, Appl. Numer. Math., 45, 315–329). Numericalexperiments complement our theoretical results.     

Richardson extrapolation in boundary value problems for differential equations with nonregular right-hand side

When the finite-difference method is used to solve initial- or boundary value problems with smooth data functions, the accuracy of the numerical results may be considerably improved by acceleration techniques like Richardson extrapolation. However, the success of such a technique is doubtful in cases were the right-hand side or the coefficients of the equation are not sufficiently smooth, because the validity of an asymptotic error expansion — which is the theoretical prerequisite for the convergence analysis of the Richardson extrapolation — is not a priori obvious. In this work we show that the Richardson extrapolation may be successfully applied to the finite-difference solutions of boundary value problems for ordinary second-order linear differential equations with a nonregular right-hand side. We present some numerical results confirming our conclusions.     

瓦氏黄颡的寄生虫生态研究：Ⅱ.寄生单殖吸虫

寄生于瓦氏黄颡鳃上的单殖吸虫有３种，即黄颡四锚虫、月斧伪似盘钩虫和弯管伪似盘钩虫。它们在宿主种群中都呈聚集分布，聚集程度由高到低的顺序是：弯管伪似盘钩虫、月斧伪似盘钩虫和黄颡四锚虫。月斧伪似盘钩虫的感染率（Ｐ），以及黄颡四锚虫的感染率（Ｐ）平均感染强度（Ｉｎ）和相对密度（Ｄ）与水温（Ｔ）们间有显著的相关关系，即月斧伪似盘钩虫：Ｐ＝１２５．７２－３．７５Ｔ，黄颡四锚虫，ｐ＝８．６１＋３．２０Ｔ，Ｉ：弯管伪似盘钩虫的平均感染强度，以及月斧伪似盘钩虫的感染率和相对密度与宿主全长（Ｌ）间成显著的相关关系，即弯管伪似盘钩虫：Ｐ＝１１３．９３－１１．９７Ｌ＋０．３３Ｌ￣２，月斧伪似盘钩虫：ｐ＝－１１．２９＋４．１２Ｌ，Ｄ＝－４．８＋０．６３Ｌ；３种单殖吸虫的种群有明显的周年变化。     

二维Volterra积分方程数值解的渐近展开及其外推

本文讨论了求解二维Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ积分方程的Ｎｙｓｔｒｏｍ方法，得到了数值解的逐项渐近展开，从而可进行Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ外推，提高数值解的精度。     

Full asymptotics of spline Petrov–Galerkin methods for some periodic pseudodifferential equations

In this paper we study the existence of a formal series expansion of the error of spline Petrov–Galerkin methods applied to a class of periodic pseudodifferential equations. From this expansion we derive some new superconvergence results as well as alternative proofs of already known weak norm optimal convergence results. As part of the analysis the approximation of integrals of smooth functions multiplied by splines by rectangular rules is analyzed in detail. Finally, some numerical experiments are given to illustrate the applicability of Richardson extrapolation as a means of accelerating the convergence of the methods.