当归川芎的挥发油成分和药用功效对比研究

利用GC-MS联用技术,对当归、川芎两味药材的挥发油成分进行了定性定量分析.通过对比当归和川芎的挥发油成分异同,探讨其药用功效异同的化学成分依据.结果表明化学成分特别是挥发油主要成分的异同是造成当归、川芎化学性质异同的化学物质基础.     

皂荚豆组成及皂荚胶的流变性质

研究了皂荚豆的组成成分和皂荚胶的流变性质。结果表明:皂荚豆中蛋白质含量为15.38%,内胚乳占种子组成的37.8%;通过GC、PC、IR及HNMR分析多糖结构:内胚乳中含有68.6%的半乳甘露聚糖,半乳糖与甘露糖配比为1∶2.5,主链是以β (1,4) 苷键连接的D 吡喃甘露糖,支链是以α (1,6) 苷键连接的D 吡喃半乳糖;皂荚胶1%水溶液表观粘度达274mPa·s(30℃,170s-1),皂荚胶是高效的增稠剂;皂荚胶粘度随浓度升高而升高,随pH的降低而有所降低,皂荚胶水溶液为假塑性流体。     

冬虫夏草与虫草菌丝有效成分分析比较

对冬虫夏草及其无性型（ＴｏｌｙｐｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍｓｉｎｅｎｓｅＣ．Ｌ．Ｌｉ．）的虫草多糖。红外光谱、甘露糖、氨基酸、微量元素等作了分析和比较。发现二者成分比较近似,通过急性毒性实验Ａｍｅｓ实验,微核实验表明虫草菌丝安全无毒。     

鳖鳃腺炎的组织病理学研究

用光镜和电镜技术研究鳖鳃腺炎的组织病理变化．观察表明：病变脏器普遍充血、淤血或出血,血细胞变性;肠上皮崩解脱落,微绒毛及胞器减少,AKP活性下降;肝细胞及肾近曲小管上皮细胞肿胀、颗粒变性或透明变性,局部细胞溶解,出现坏死病灶;肝糖原减少甚至消失;肾小球膨大,远曲小管和集合小管腔内充满嗜酸性物质;脾红髓扩大,多数细胞及核异形,严重者细胞破裂、解体;骨骼肌细胞肿胀、核固缩;多数病变细胞内的内质网和线粒体扩张变性．还讨论了该病的病变特征及性质等问题．     

3种常见农药对中华鳖稚鳖的急性致毒效应研究

以5～7日龄的中华鳖稚鳖为试验动物,采用静水停食实验法,在水温(27.4±1.3)℃条件下,开展了乐果、三唑磷、氟虫腈对中华鳖稚鳖的急性毒性试验。结果表明,3种农药对中华鳖稚鳖均呈现以蓄积为主导的急性毒发效应,乐果对中华鳖稚鳖的急性致毒高峰期略滞后于三唑磷和氟虫腈;3种农药毒性强度大小依次为三唑磷、氟虫腈、乐果,其对中华鳖稚鳖96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为0.28μg/L、0.28 mg/L和124.4 mg/L;所构建的中华鳖稚鳖累计死亡概率与质量浓度和实验时间间数学模型和半致死时间—质量浓度回归方程可作为侦查和分析农药排放时间和致中华鳖稚鳖大量死亡时间的重要计算工具。     

紫藤传粉昆虫与花粉多型性研究

定位观测了紫藤的访花昆虫种类及觅食行为,用扫描电镜观察了花粉形态。结果表明：紫藤的主要访花昆虫为膜翅目的黄胸木蜂和意大利蜂,两者都有传粉行为,属传粉者。意大利蜂除有传粉行为外还有偷蜜行为。花粉在形态上表现出多型性：长球形（赤道观长椭圆形,极面观近三裂圆形）,三孔沟;三菱锥形（赤道观近三角形,极面观近三角形）,六孔沟;赤道观近三角形,极面观近菱形,四孔沟。外壁纹饰均为橘皮状。     

中华鳖性别决定敏感期的研究

在24℃和33℃对中华鳖性别决定的敏感期做了研究,实验结果证实中华鳖的性别决定有一个敏感期.性腺自7100度小时开始分化,13000度小时结束,以后的孵化温度对性别决定没有影响.     

HPLC-MS/MS技术在中华绒螯蟹硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量检测中的应用

建立了中华绒螯蟹中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法.取均质后的中华绒螯蟹可食部分样品,用盐酸水解组织中蛋白结合代谢物,经2-硝基苯甲醛37℃过夜衍生化,调节pH值至约7.0～7.4后,用乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷净化.选用电喷雾离子源,在正离子、多反应监测方式模式下进行定性,以同位素内标法进行定量.方法的检出限为0.5 μg·kg-1,工作曲线的线性范围为1.25～50.0 μg·L-1.在添加浓度为0.5～10.0 μg·kg-1的范围内,AMOZ、SEM、AHD和AOZ的回收率分别在92.8%～106%、84.5%～94.6%、80.6%～98.6%和88.4%～105%之间,相对标准偏差均小于10%.     

Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on In Vitro Cultures of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Grown in the Dark and in the Light: Morphology,Content of Malondialdehyde,and Accumulation of Various Polyphenols

Tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) are phenol-accumulating crops that are widely used for public health. The healing effect of tea leaf products is due to the biosynthesis of such phenolic compounds (PCs) as flavans, which have P-vitamin capillary-strengthening activity. Due to their limited habitat and the value of their specialized metabolites of a phenolic nature, a promising approach is to establish in vitro cultures from them that retain the ability to form PCs, which is characteristic of ex vivo tea plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenic H₂O₂ (0.01 mM; 0.1 mM; 1 mM) on the growth, morphology, degree of stress response, and accumulation of various phenolic compounds in tea plant callus cultures of different ages (24 or 36 days) grown under different cultivation conditions (darkness or light). According to the results obtained, the H₂O₂ effect on tea callus cultures of different ages did not cause changes in their morphophysiological characteristics, both after 2 h of exposure (rapid response of callus culture, RRCC) and after 48 h (delayed response of callus culture, DRCC). The determination of the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, which serves as an indicator of changes in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the presence of stress responses in plant cells, indicated either its maintenance at the control level, a decrease, or an increase. All these effects depended on the growth conditions of the tea callus cultures (darkness or light), their age, the duration of exposure (rapid or delayed response), and the H₂O₂ concentration. Similar trends were noted for the total content of PCs as well as the amount of flavans, proanthocyanidins (soluble and insoluble forms), and lignin. The plant cell responses reflected changes in its adaptation programs, when specialized metabolites act as a target for the action of H₂O₂, thereby contributing to an increase in their resistance.