中华常春藤繁殖技术研究

本文报道中华常春藤繁殖试验研究结果。种子繁殖于4月中旬以腐殖土＋河沙为播种基质可获得78.50%-93.50%的发芽率；扦插繁殖于7－8月份采用顶部枝条作插穗，以肥泥＋河沙为基质进行扦插可获得87．50％－97．50％的生根率。     

湖北后河国家级自然保护区水丝梨种群分布格局

对湖北后河国家级自然保护区常绿阔叶林水丝梨 (Sycopsissinensis Oliver)群落进行了种群空间分布格局的研究 .分别将种群中的每个个体在样方中进行定位 ,随机选取一系列不同尺度的小样方 ,运用多种指数判定水丝梨在不同取样尺度上的格局类型 .结果表明 :4m× 4m、6m×6m的尺度上为集群分布 ,其余区组为随机分布 ,且各指数判定吻合性较好 .集群分布出现在较小的观测尺度上是缘于微环境异质性诸如光因子、土壤因子、林窗、岩石裸露的影响 .在较大区组上多呈随机分布 ,这与群落内气候和大生境的一致以及长期处于原始自然状态下密切相关 .水丝梨种群的空间分布格局受群落学特征的影响主要体现在群落种类组成和结构上 .水湿因子和土壤因子是影响其生长进而影响其分布格局的主导生态因子     

荔枝蒂蛀虫自然种群生命表的组建与分析

通过对荔枝蒂蛀虫实验种群的室内饲养观察和自然种群的田间系统调查 ,组建了以作用因子组配的荔枝蒂蛀虫自然种群生命表 ,结果表明 ,荔枝蒂蛀虫的自然种群趋势指数 (I)为 13.5 ,表明下一代种群数量将为当代种群数量的 13.5倍     

Bioactive Saponins and Glycosides. Part 29

Three new acylated oleanane‐type triterpene saponins, theasaponins A₆ ( 1 ), A₇ ( 2 ), and B₅ ( 3 ), were isolated from the saponin fraction of the seeds of the Japanese tea plant Camellia sinensis together with the known constituent foliatheasaponin III ( 4 ). The structures of the glycosides 1 – 3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic, chemical, and physico‐chemical evidence.     

Studies on the Cytology of Fertilization in the Chinese Mitten-handed Crab,Eriocheir sinensis (Crustacea, Decapoda)

The whole processes of fertilization in Eriocheir sinensis was investigated with artificial and natural insemination and artificial induction of acrosome reaction. Unlike most other arthropods, the E. sinensis egg has no micropyle. In the process of fertilization, a great number of sperms attach themselves to the egg, but only several of them penetrate the egg with one of them finally fertilizing it. Fertilization in E. sinensis is achieved not by fusion but by association.     

Two new flavonoid diglycosides from Cephalotaxus sinensis

Two new acetylated flavonoid diglycosides, scutellarein-5-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→ 4)-b-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranoside] (1), apigenin-5-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-b-D-3,6-di-O-acetylglucopyranoside] (2), were isolated from the leaves of Cephalotaxus sinensis. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods including HR-FAB-MS, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC experiments.     

Development of pressurized hot water extraction followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of ligustilides in Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis

In this work, a simple, rapid, solvent-free, and low-cost method was developed for the determination of ligustilides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which was based on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The two bioactive compounds Z-ligustilide and E-ligustilide in two common TCMs, viz. Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis, were extracted by water at 150 degrees C and 40 bar, followed by concentration with HS-SPME and detection by GC-MS. PHWE and HS-SPME parameters were investigated and method validation (precision and recovery) was studied. It has been shown that the proposed method provides a powerful approach for quantitative analysis of ligustilides in TCMs. The method was applied to determination of ligustildes in the TCMs from different growing areas. The results indicate that PHWE-HS-SPME-GC-MS is a potential tool for TCM quality assessment.     

Two neuropeptides from synganglia of the hard tick, Ixodes sinensis （Acari： Ixodidae）

Two neuropeptides were isolated from synganglia (central nervous system) of the hard tick, Ixodes sinensis. Their primary sequences were established as Leu-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Lys and Trp-Glu-Lys-Leu-Gly-Ser-Met-Glu-Thr-Leu. By hot plate bioassay, neuropeptide a displayed strong antino-ciceptive effect in mice by a dose-dependent behavior, while neuropeptide b had some relaxant effects on the isolated rat strip. These neuropeptides might be involved in down-regulating the host's defensive reaction.     

山西省中国沙棘天然居群表型多样性研究

在中国沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides subsp．sinensis）天然分布区选择8个居群，代表山西省西南、东南和北部地区，对叶片、种子、果实的13个表型性状进行统计分析．变异系数（Cv）在3.1％～26.5％之间，表型性状存在丰富的多样性．营养性状变异度水平最大，平均变异系数（Cv）为20.1％；种子性状最小，平均为8.98％；西南地区果实性状有较高的多样性，平均变异系数（Cv）达到20.9％．单因素方差分析显示居群间和地区间多个性状存在显著差异（P〈O.01）；相关分析和聚类分析显示地区间的差异没有明显的地理模式．     

茶柿间作系统中茶树根际微环境的研究

以湖北省贺胜桥茶场的茶柿间作系统和纯茶园系统为研究对象,对两种系统中茶树根系分泌物中的氨基酸、酚、可溶性糖及有机酸进行了分析,同时测定了根际土壤pH和养分含量.结果表明:与纯茶园系统相比,间作系统中茶树根系分泌的氨基酸量增加了2倍,酚下降了45.45%,酚氨浓度比下降了81.82%,改善了茶叶品质;根系分泌有机酸的能力减弱,防止了土壤的进一步酸化;同时土壤的理化性质得到了改善,更适宜于茶树的生长,因此,茶柿间作系统从根际微环境这个角度来看也是一个理想的复合生态模式.