白木香群体的表型多样性分析

采集广东、广西、海南和云南4个省9个居群的174个白木香样品,分别测量其10项形态性状,并进行方差、相关和聚类分析.文中还以欧式平均距离10为阈值,采用UPGMA法将白木香聚成了4组.方差分析表明,各性状在白木香居群间和居群内均存在广泛的变异性,居群间F值在6.520~13.867之间,而居群内F值在24.033~94.081之间.居群内平均方差分量为52.62%,说明居群内的变异是白木香表型变异的主要部分.白木香居群间的平均表型分化系数为33.38%,说明居群内的多样性程度大于居群间.多重比较还表明,白木香各居群间的变异系数和相对极差均无显著性差异.另外,各地理因子中,海拔对性状的影响较大,其次是年均气温和年降雨量.     

当归水提物化学成分的研究

目的:研究当归 (Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Diels)的化学成分.方法:采用大孔树脂和硅胶柱层析进行分离纯化,通过理化和波谱分析鉴定其化学结构.结果:从当归水提物的大孔树脂20～40%乙醇洗脱部分分离得到3个化合物,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为6,7-二羟基藁本内酯1 (Z-6,7-cis-dihydroxyligustilide)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯2 (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate)和布雷菲德菌素A 3 (brefeldin A).结论:化合物3为青霉菌属典型的代谢产物,有可能是当归根际真菌的代谢产物.     

Cool Temperature Enhances Growth,Ferulic Acid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis While Inhibiting Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Angelica sinensis

Angelica sinensis, a perennial herb that produces ferulic acid and phthalides for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, prefers growing at an altitude of 1800–3000 m. Geographical models have predicted that high altitude, cool temperature and sunshade play determining roles in geo-authentic formation. Although the roles of altitude and light in yield and quality have been investigated, the role of temperature in regulating growth, metabolites biosynthesis and gene expression is still unclear. In this study, growth characteristics, metabolites contents and related genes expression were investigated by exposing A. sinensis to cooler (15 °C) and normal temperatures (22 °C). The results showed that plant biomass, the contents of ferulic acid and flavonoids and the expression levels of genes related to the biosynthesis of ferulic acid (PAL1, 4CLL4, 4CLL9, C3H, HCT, CCOAMT and CCR) and flavonoids (CHS and CHI) were enhanced at 15 °C compared to 22 °C. The contents of ligustilide and volatile oils exhibited slight increases, while polysaccharide contents decreased in response to cooler temperature. Based on gene expression levels, ferulic acid biosynthesis probably depends on the CCOAMT pathway and not the COMT pathway. It can be concluded that cool temperature enhances plant growth, ferulic acid and flavonoid accumulation but inhibits polysaccharide biosynthesis in A. sinensis. These findings authenticate that cool temperature plays a determining role in the formation of geo-authentic and also provide a strong foundation for regulating metabolites production of A. sinensis.     

虫草头孢菌CS-866菌株发酵条件的研究

对虫草头孢菌CS-866菌株的菌丝体发酵条件进行了研究,其适宜的培养基消前pH为5.0~7.0,培养温度为26~28℃,接种量为3%~5%,最佳种龄为3 d,发酵周期4 d,培养基消前加0.3%毛豆油消沫,发酵过程中对通气量的要求较高.虫草头孢菌丝体所含氨基酸与天然冬虫夏草相近,红外吸收光谱也表明两者所含的各类化学成分极为相似.     

Correlation among Metabolic Changes in Tea Plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Shoots,Green Tea Quality and the Application of Cow Manure to Tea Plantation Soils

Traditionally, the supplement of organic manure in tea plantations has been a common approach to improving soil fertility and promoting terroir compounds, as manifested by the coordinated increase in yield and quality for the resulting teas. However, information regarding the effect of organic manure in the metabolome of tea plants is still inadequate. The metabolite profiles of tea shoots applied with cow manure, urea or no fertilizer were studied using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total, 73 metabolites were detected, and the modulated metabolites included mainly amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. In particular, glutamine, quinic acid and proline accumulated more in tea shoots in soils treated with cow manure, but octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid were drastically reduced. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that organic acids and amino acids in tea shoots were the two major metabolite groups among the three treatments. The analysis of metabolic pathways demonstrated that the cow manure treatment significantly changed the enrichment of pathways related to amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Sensory evaluation showed that the quality of green teas was higher when the plants used to make the tea were grown in soil treated with cow manure rather than urea during spring and late summer. The results indicated that the application of cow manure in soils changed the metabolic characteristics of tea shoots and improved the qualities of the resulting teas.     

中华鳖温和气单胞菌病的病原研究

从表现为背腹甲及四肢出现疖疮、裙边糜烂的患病鳖的心血、肝脏及腹腔液中分离到 NL、Nb1和Nb2 三株细菌 .经菌体形态特征、培养特性和生理生化特性测定 ,均鉴定为温和气单胞菌 ( Aeromonassobria) .小白鼠感染试验显示三株菌均有毒力 ,用 9× 10 8CFU/m LNL 菌株进行人工感染 30～ 4 0 g健康鳖 ,发病率为 10 0 % .从感染鳖的肝脏中分离到与原分离株形态及生理生化特性相同的菌株 .用 NL 菌株制备的抗血清分别与 Nb1和 Nb2 菌株进行玻板凝集试验 ,能发生明显的凝集反应 .药敏试验结果表明 :三株细菌对菌必治、头孢氨噻肟、头孢羧甲噻肟均呈高度敏感     

天然水体主要因素对特异性鸡蛋抗体活性的影响

以抗中华鳖红脖子病病原菌—嗜水气单胞菌的特异性鸡蛋抗体为研究对象 ,重点考察了鳖池天然水体中主要不利因素对特异性鸡蛋抗体活性的影响 .试验证明 ,在所考察的天然水体中特异性鸡蛋抗体的活性可以保存 40h .在比较差的环境下 ,适当添加一些保护剂等 ,可使鸡蛋抗体的活性保持延长 .这不仅对养鳖业 ,也为其它各种养殖业用浸泡法被动免疫防治疾病提供了应用基础 .     

紫藤花油化学成分的气相色谱/质谱法分析

采用常规水蒸汽蒸馏法提取出紫藤花油，经气相色谱－质谱联机分析，分离出30多个峰，鉴定出28种化合物，主要是龙涎香精内酯，里哪醇,α-松油醇，7，8－二羟基香豆素，2－3二氢－苯并呋喃，吲哚等，占总峰面积的95％。     

我国中华分支睾吸虫病研究的成就

本文系综述我国解放后,对中华分支睾吸虫病研究的成就。在发掘二千多年前湖北江陵地区的古坟尸检中已发现华支睾吸虫卵,证明我国早在二千多年前已有华支睾吸虫病流行。华支睾吸虫散布地区,过去认为是广东省,现在全国已有二十多个省、市、自治区证实有华支睾吸虫病流行,北方比南方为轻。华支睾的保虫宿主,过去认为是人及猫、狗,最近我国学者发现猪及牛也有华支睾虫感染,四川、河南及广东已有报告。华支睾虫的第一中间宿主,证实我国有三种淡水螺,即长角豆螺,绍纹螺和香卜螺。华支睾虫的第二中间宿主,经调查证实我国有四十多种淡水鱼和虾,感染率最高的为麦穗鱼(100％),其次为日常食用的鲩鱼、鲤鱼属,人们多因喜吃鱼生和未煮熟的鱼而被感染。华支睾虫寄生于人体,其病理变化常在肝胆管内造成小胆管堵塞而发生胆管胆囊炎、胆结石、肝硬化、胰腺病、肝炎、小儿侏儒症等。华支睾虫寄生于小胆管,严重时可能引发后发性胆管上皮癌及肝癌。华支睾虫病临床症状以消化系统及神经官能症为主,但多数无临床症状,需检出虫卵才能确诊。我们调查2214例华支睾虫病中,有共存症21种,其中肝胆及胰腺占15种。吡喹酮六氯对二甲苯是良好的特效驱虫药,对华支睾虫病的治疗效果较为满意,且副反应较少。