沙棘的核型分析

本文分析了两种和两亚种沙棘的核型,其中:中亚沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. turkestanica Rousi)的核型为首次报道。并观察到沙棘的雄、雌株性染色体有别,且属XY型。     

中华鳖陆上呼吸模式的初步研究

本文是以换能器和生理记录仪对中华鳖的陆上呼吸和呼吸与心率耦合关系所作的初步研究。用后肢窝膜活动记录法和气管内压力变化记录法测知,鳖陆上呼吸为由单次呼吸的通气期(VP)与历时数秒、数分甚至更长时间的非通气期(NVP)组成的周期性呼吸模式;每个呼吸周期为先呼气、后吸气的二相性呼吸。在气温22—25℃时,对清醒、安静状态的9只鳖用后肢窝膜活动记录法分别连续记录了60个以上的通气——非通气周期,测得鳖通气时间与总时间之比VP/(VP NVP)的均值为0.21;各鳖平均呼吸频率f_m的均值为2.4次/分。实验还观察了鳖的呼吸与心率耦合反应:频繁通气时心动过速和不通气时心率减慢。分析了两只鳖心率随通气状况的变化发展过程和特点。     

不同生长期当归1H NMR指纹图谱的研究

利用¹H NMR法测定27个不同生长期的当归提取物,对当归的主要活性成分阿魏酸、藁本内酯、当归多糖进行了初步归属,用特征峰相对峰面积表示3种活性成分的相对含量,并对它们在生长过程中的含量变化进行分析. 数据分析显示,当归中阿魏酸、藁本内酯、当归多糖的含量在第1年变化较为平稳,第2年和第3年变化相对较为活跃,而在当归的生长周期内,当归多糖的含量变化明显大于其他两种活性成分,为参与代谢活动的主要活性成分. 结果证实,通过对照¹H NMR指纹图谱, 将相对含量法与主成分分析法相结合,能对不同生长期的当归药材中的活性成分进行宏观评价和分析,可作为植物药材代谢组学的研究方法.     

中华暗蝗生物学特性初步研究

中华暗蝗Dnpherula sinensis （Uvarov）在云南大理地区一年发生1代，蝗蝻5岭。主要以3龄蝗蝻越冬。成虫6～7月交尾产卵，产于土中的受精卵于8月下旬开始孵化。成虫体色有变化，呈3种色型。     

A Preliminary Study of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) in the Endangered Aquatic Quillwort Isoetes sinensis Palmer in China

Isoetes sinensis Palmer (Isoetaceae) is an aquatic or amphibious plant that is critically endangered in China. Previous studies have revealed the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)-like photosynthetic pathway occurs commonly in submerged leaves in genus Isoetes. Water chemistry parameters and the titratable acidity content of the plant extract were measured from samples obtained in the early morning (7:00) and late afternoon (15:00) from two I. sinensis populations in China. One population occurs in the eulittoral zone of a freshwater tidal river at low elevation (134 m) and another occurs in a densely vegetated, high elevation (1 100 m) alpine shallow pool. Significant differences in pH and titratable acidity of the plant extract were detected between the morning and afternoon samples. These changes are associated with diurnal changes in water chemistry. Our results provide the first evidence for the existence of the CAM pathway in the East Asian endemic Isoetes sinensis Palmer. The magnitude of fluctu     

GC/MS法分析透骨草化学成分

报道了用同时蒸馏 萃取装置 (SDE)提取透骨草的挥发性物质 ,测得透骨草挥发油含量为 1.0 6 %,用GC MS法从透骨草的挥发油中分离确认出 72种化学成分 .用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量 ,其中主要成分为萜类 ( 2 7.48%) ,醇类 ( 14 .91%) ,醛类 ( 5 .42 %) ,酮类 ( 10 .5 8%) ,酚类 ( 5 .34%) ,酸类 ( 7.86 %) ,含氧化合物 ( 16 .10 %) ,其它化合物 ( 9.5 0 %) .占总检出量的 97.19%.     

几种动物部分生理指标的比较

报道了对中华大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)、黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)、中华(?)(Amycla sinensis)及山蝠(Nyctus noctula)在冬眠期(12～2月,7～11℃)与活动期(7～9月,27～30℃)部分生理指标的比较研究,测定了其血红蛋白浓度、红细胞数、心率、心电、呼吸频率、体温及耗氧量等指标.结果显示动物的生理指标不仅存在种属差异,也与生态环境及季节变化相适应.     

Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-Free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus,M. sinensis,M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study

As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: β-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: β-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70% and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60% and almost 65%. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20% or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30%). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27%. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.     

Analytical investigation of secondary metabolites extracted from Camellia sinensis L. leaves using a HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MS data fusion strategy and chemometric methods

Considerable attention has been paid to the study of green tea leaves because of their high consume and beneficial effects on human health. In this work, an appropriate strategy is proposed to investigate and resolve the major metabolites extracted from Camellia sinensis tea leaves. Statistical design mixtures of ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and chloroform were used to study the effects of different solvents and their mixtures on the extraction of the secondary metabolites of C. sinensis tea leaves from two different harvest seasons. Extracted samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometer allowing the resolution of a large amount of tea metabolites with high relative abundances, especially when their extraction was performed in pure ethanol and with solvent mixtures with ethanol. Resolution of the more relevant metabolites was achieved by the simultaneous analysis of the fused diode array detection and mass spectrometer detectors data from the same samples using the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares chemometric method. Peak areas finally resolved were further analyzed by orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares‐discrimination analysis to discriminate among C. sinensis tea samples. Using the Variable Importance in Projection variable selection method, epigallocatechin and caffeine were finally selected as the two more important chemical constituents of tea leaves that were discriminating more between the tea samples from two different harvest seasons. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Norlignans from Rhizomes of Curculigo sinensis

Two novel norlignans, sinensigenins A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.), were isolated from the rhizomes of Curculigo sinensis, together with six known norlignans, crassifogenin B ( 3 ), cucapitoside ( 4 ), crassifoside B ( 5 ), crassifoside H ( 6 ), curculigine ( 7 ), and isocurculigine ( 8 ). Their structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence and comparisons with literature data. All of these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.