Dispersion and deposition mechanisms of particles suspended in a turbulent plane Couette flow

Inertial particle transfer in a turbulent plane Couette flow (C flow) was studied using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the flow combined with a Lagrangian particle tracking approach for particles with Stokes numbers (St) 5, 25 and 125. The particle concentration was assumed low enough, so that the simulations were done under one-way coupling condition.     

Statistical models for predicting the effect of bidisperse particle collisions on particle velocities and stresses in homogeneous anisotropic turbulent flows

The purpose of this paper is to present and compare two statistical models for predicting the effect of collisions on particle velocities and stresses in bidisperse turbulent flows. These models start from a kinetic equation for the probability density function (PDF) of the particle velocity distribution in a homogeneous anisotropic turbulent flow. The kinetic equation describes simultaneously particle–turbulence and particle–particle interactions. The paper is focused on deriving the collision terms in the governing equations of the PDF moments. One of the collision models is based on a Grad-like expansion for the PDF of the velocity distributions of two particles. The other model stems from a Grad-like expansion for the joint fluid–particle PDF. The validity of these models is explored by comparing with Lagrangian simulations of particle tracking in uniformly sheared and isotropic turbulent flows generated by LES. Notwithstanding the fact that the fluid turbulence may be isotropic, the particle velocity fluctuations are anisotropic due to the impact of gravitational settling. Comparisons of the model predictions and the numerical simulations show encouraging agreement.     

可碰并工业粉尘粒子的空间浓度分布研究

应用C S Wen统计力学的碰并理论 ,通过研究工业粉尘与墙壁之间的作用势力及粘连性质 ,给出了可碰并工业粉尘粒子的空间浓度分布     

Light scattering computational methods for particles on substrates

Four theoretical and computational methods to describe the scattering from simple particles on substrates are presented and discussed. These methods are based on the extinction theorem, image theory, the double-interaction model, and geometrical optics (ray-tracing). We compare the four methods with measurements of scattered light from gold metallic cylinders resting on a gold metallic substrate. In particular, we analyze the co-polarized (s and p polarization) full-scan and back-scattering intensities in the far field within the plane of incidence. Advantages and disadvantages of each method as a computational and reliable tool are discussed.     

Light scattering by “soft” particles of arbitrary shape and size: II—Arbitrary orientation of particles in the space

In this part of the article a new version analysis of light scattering by “soft” particles is presented that makes it possible to reduce and simplify the process of numerical calculations. The calculation results of the integral scattering cross-sections and indicatrices for spheroid, parallelepiped and cylinder for their arbitrary orientation in space are given as an illustration. The results are accompanied by transparent physical interpretations, based on the examination of the contour graphs of the three-dimensional spectra of particles.     

Nucleation of atmospheric aerosol particles

A significant fraction of the total number of particles present in the atmosphere is formed originally by nucleation from the gas phase. Binary nucleation of sulphuric acid and water, ternary nucleation of sulphuric acid, water and ammonia and ion-induced nucleation are thought to be the most important aerosol nucleation processes in the atmosphere. Within the last two decades, instrumentation to observe and characterize nucleation has improved greatly and numerous observations of nucleation have been made including quantification of the nucleation rate, characterization of the growth process and first chemical characterizations of the freshly formed particles. Nucleation has been observed at many different places in the atmosphere: in the boundary layer, in the free troposphere, in remote locations, in coastal areas, in boreal forests as well as urban areas and pollution plumes. In most cases gaseous sulphuric acid is assumed to be the key precursor gas. After nucleation, other supersaturated substances, especially low vapour pressure organics often take part in the subsequent aerosol growth. Iodine oxides seem to be responsible for nucleation observed in some coastal areas.Recent advances in modelling allow for a kinetic treatment of the nucleation process based on measured thermochemical data for the cluster formation. Considerable improvement over the classical nucleation treatment is expected from this approach.A detailed understanding of atmospheric aerosol nucleation processes is needed as the freshly formed particles directly influence the number concentration and size distribution of the atmospheric aerosol. The formation of clouds and precipitation is affected and influences on climate are anticipated. Anthropogenic emissions influence atmospheric aerosol nucleation processes considerably.Despite the comprehensive research efforts, substantial inconsistencies remain and conflicting results of laboratory studies, model studies as well as atmospheric observations persist. Several key questions about the predictability of atmospheric nucleation in general, about the substances, that take part in nucleation and subsequent growth and about the size and composition of the critical cluster, have not been resolved so far. To cite this article: J. Curtius, C. R. Physique 7 (2006).     

囚禁势中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的半轴宽度和粒子数密度

文章计算了准一维、准二维、球对称、轴对称系统的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的半轴宽度和粒子数密度,采用求基态能量极小值和令势能等于相互作用能的办法,讨论的问题包括凝聚体半轴宽度的解析表达式、粒子数密度的理论计算值与实验数据的对比分析和吸引相互作用系统的塌缩粒子数。     

Modeling of particle transport and combustion phenomena in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler using a hybrid Euler-Lagrange approach

The constantly developing fiuidized combustion technology has become competitive with a conventional pulverized coal （PC） combustion. Circulating fluidized bed （CFB） boilers can be a good alternative to PC boilers due to their robustness and lower sensitivity to the fuel quality. However, appropriate engineering tools that can be used to model and optimize the construction and operating parameters of a CFB boiler still require development. This paper presents the application of a relatively novel hybrid Euler-Lagrange approach to model the dense gas-solid flow combined with a combustion process in a large-scale indus- trial CFB boiler. In this work, this complex flow has been resolved by applying the ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 commercial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code. To accurately resolve the multiphase flow, the original CFD code has been extended by additional user-defined functions. These functions were used to control the boiler mass load, particle recirculation process （simplified boiler geometry）, and interphase hydrodynamic properties. This work was split into two parts. In the first part, which is referred to as pseudo combustion, the combustion process was not directly simulated. Instead, the effect of the chemi- cal reactions was simulated by modifying the density of the continuous phase so that it corresponded to the mean temperature and composition of the flue gases, In this stage, the particle transport was simu- lated using the standard Euler-Euler and novel hybrid Euler-Lagrange approaches, The obtained results were compared against measured data, and both models were compared to each other. In the second part, the numerical model was enhanced by including the chemistry and physics of combustion. To the best of the authors＇ knowledge, the use of the hybrid Euler-Lagrange approach to model combustion is a new engineering application of this model, In this work, the combustion process was modeled for air-fuel combustion. The simulation results were compared with experimental data.     

表面活性剂对分散体系粘度影响的特殊性

通过液体石蜡的水基化分散对影响分散体系粘度的粒子大小、表面活性剂胶束和界面膜等因素进行了研究.结果表明,表面活性剂胶束对分散体系粘度的影响极为有限,而在分散相粒子界面上由表面活性剂分子所形成的界面膜是导致分散体系粘度产生变化的重要因素.实验数据表明,对于分散体系的稳定性,存在一个表面活性剂浓度变化的临界值,而该临界值所对应的是表面活性剂分子在粒子表面以最紧密和规整的方式形成的界面膜,该种界面膜使分散体系粘度达到最大值,从而最大限度地保证了分散体系的稳定性.