The interdecadal trend and shift of dry/wet over the central part of North China and their relationship to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）

Based on monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature (SAT),the dry/wet trends and shift of the central part of North China and their relationship to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) from 1951 to 2005 have been analyzed through calculating surface wetness index (SWI). The results indicate that there was a prominent drying trend and an abrupt change in the analysis period. A per-sistent warming period with less precipitation from the mid and late 1970s to present was found,and a shift process exists from the wet to the dry in the central part of North China during 1951-2005. The transition is located in the mid to late 1970s,which should be related to the shift variation of large-scale climate background. The correlation analysis has brought about a finding of significant correlativity between PDO index (PDOI) and SAT,precipitation and SWI in this region. The correlation exhibits that the positive phase of PDOI (warm PDO phase) matches warming,less precipitation and the drought period,and the negative PDOI phase corresponds to low SAT,more precipitation and the wet period. The duration of various phases is more than 25 years. The decadal variation of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean is one of the possible causes in forming the decadal dry/wet trend and shift of the central part of North China.     

Atmospheric nitrous oxide observations above the oceanic surface during CHINARE-18

The gas samples in the marine boundary layer were collected from the track for research ship Xuelong during the 18th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-18) and nitrous oxide measurements were made by HP5890ECD-GC in the laboratory. The results represent the shipboard N2O data set obtained within the lower troposphere with the average concentration of (313.5±2.6)nL*L-1 from 31°N to 69°S. The results showed a latitudinally weighted, mean interhemispheric difference of 0.61 nL*L-1. The latitudinal distribution of atmospheric N2O concentration was analyzed from northern midlatitudes to Southern Ocean around the Antarctic continent and it was showed that N2O concentration in the current confluences was higher than that in other oceanic areas. This indicated that strong N2O emissions occurred there. The longitudinal distribution of N2O concentrations in the Southern Ocean also showed similar situation. According to the interhemispheric difference of atmospheric N2O concentrations and the two-box model, we estimated that 2/5 of the global flux of N2O into the atmosphere is derived from the sources in the southern hemisphere.     

热带印度洋-太平洋夏季OLR变化的时空特征及其与我国夏季降水的关系

利用美国NOAA卫星观测1979-2007年OLR(Outing Longwave Radiation)资料和中国气象局国家气候中心的我国160站月降水资料,分析了热带印度洋-太平洋地区(22.5°S-22.5°N,40°E-80°W)OLR的时空变化特征及和我国夏季降水的关系。结果表明:近29年来热带太平洋南部地区OLR值有增加趋势,而热带印度洋和热带太平洋北部呈减少趋势。EOF分析表明热带印度洋一太平洋地区夏季OLR场具有东西反位相和南北反位相的变化特点,小波分析表明,这种变化主要存在着准5 a和准12 a左右的周期振荡。SVD分析表明,热带印度洋-太平洋夏季OLR场与我国夏季降水密切相关。     

高维多门限时间序列模型在西太平洋副高预报中的应用

 将高维多门限时间序列模型应用于西太平洋副高演化的分析和预报中.结果表明分段后对西太平洋副热带高压的5个特征量的分析预报及其与周围大气环流系统的相互关系较以前的研究结果更具体;所建立的描述西太平洋副热带高压5个特征量的时间序列模型对该5个特征量逐月气候偏差的拟合及外推预报均具有良好的模拟能力.对西太平洋副热带高压各特征量拟合及外推预报准确率分别达到,面积指数为79.2%和76.3%,强度指数为78.3%和80.6%,脊线位置为75.2%和75.0%,北界位置为79.4%和75.0%,西伸脊点为82.3%和81.9%.     

Non-aqueous quantitative determination of the carbonyl functional group by constant-current potentiometric titration

A non-aqueous direct titration procedure has been developed for the determination of aldehydes and ketones. It uses two platinum-wire indicating electrodes with a constant current of 0.5 muA. The solvent medium is 0.15M sodium perchlorate in tetrahydrofuran. The titrant is sodium fluorenyl in a mixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran. All types of carbonyl compounds react with the sodium fluorenyl, but steric hindrance prevents complete reaction with certain ketones containing bulky groups. The lowest concentration of carbonyl that can be determined with acceptable accuracy and precision is 7.5 x 10(-3)M, the error being < 3% and the precision better than +/-2.5%. Most reducible compounds interfere, e.g., peroxides, acid halides, nitro-compounds, acids, and water, and cannot be differentiated potentiometrically. The method can be extended to other reducible functional groups, e.g., nitro groups and acid chlorides.     

太平洋年代际振荡与川中丘陵区气候变化关系研究

基于月降水和月平均气温资料,分析了川中丘陵区近50年降水和气温的变化特征及其与太平洋年代际振荡指数（PDOI）的关系．结果表明,川中丘陵区气候存在明显的年代际趋势和突变特征．相关分析和独立样本T检验表明,川中丘陵区夏季气温、年平均气温和秋季降水量与年PDOI均有显著的相关关系,PDO冷位相（1977年以前）对应着高温、多秋雨,而PDO暖位相（1977年以后）对应着夏季和年均温下降,秋季雨水减少．