Latest advances in zwitterionic structures modified dialysis membranes

End-stage renal diseases are affecting many patients and as a result, demand to receive dialysis service is growing annually. Morbidity and mortality rates are reported to be higher in comparison with healthy humans. The reason is reported to be the hemoincompatiblity of blood purification membranes, which hinders patients’ lives. Activation of different immune systems in the body, in case of blood-membrane interaction, results in several side effects, of which cardiovascular shocks have been mentioned to be a major one. Efforts to solve this issue have resulted in different generations of dialysis membranes. Zwitterionic immobilized membranes are the latest (third) generation, which owns a higher degree of hemocompatiblity with more stability of immobilized structures. This critical review intends to cover recent efforts conducted over the zwitterionization of polymeric membrane surfaces with the goal of improving hemocompatibility. Different aspects of third-generation membranes are discussed for a better understanding of the current gap and gathering the knowledge to further develop the field. Accordingly, this critical survey provides an in-depth understanding of blood purification membranes zwitterionization for paving the way for the optimum enhancement of hemodialysis membrane hemocompatibility.     

Exact solution of the Klein‐Gordon equation for the PT‐symmetric generalized Woods‐Saxon potential by the Nikiforov‐Uvarov method

The exact solution of the one‐dimensional Klein‐Gordon equation of the ????‐symmetric generalized Woods‐Saxon potential is obtained. The exact energy eigenvalues and wavefunctions are derived analytically by using the Nikiforov and Uvarov method. In addition, the positive and negative exact bound states of the s‐states are also investigated for different types of complex generalized Woods‐Saxon potentials.     

白蛋白等四项指标对肝硬化诊断的临床意义

目的 探讨肝硬化指标白蛋白（ALB）,凝血酶原时间（PT）、总胆红素（TBIL）,总胆汁酸（TBA）等四项指标对肝硬化诊断的临床意义。方法 用全自动生化分析仪及全自动血凝仪测定30例正常对照及32例肝硬化患者血清的ALB,PT,TBIL,TBA。结果 血清 ALB,PT,TBIL,TBA在肝硬化时与正常对照有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论 血清ALB,PT,TBIL,TBA可以为肝硬化的诊断提供实验诊断依据。     

面向大功率LED电源驱动的PT4115控制系统

从LED的特性和驱动方式出发,论述了LED的各种驱动方式,以流过LED的电流恒定为基本目的,提出一种基于芯片PT4115的线性恒流驱动解决方案,设计了一个简单的LED驱动电路,并阐述了该驱动电路的基本原理,给出了理论依据。该驱动电路简单、高效、成本低,在电源电压或环境温度变化时可为大功率LED提供恒定的驱动电流,适合当今LED产品的市场化发展。     

Development and validation of a UHPLC‐MS/MS bioanalytical method to quantify in plasma the analgesic candidate PT‐31 following a preliminary pharmacokinetic study in rats

A selective and sensitive UHPLC‐MS/MS bioanalytical method to determine PT‐31, an analgesic drug candidate, in rat plasma was developed and validated. Analyses were performed using a UHPLC‐MS/MS system equipped with an electrospray ionization interface operating in the positive ionization mode using a C₁₈ reversed‐phase column with a mobile phase of water:acetonitrile (68:31, v/v) containing 0.1% acetic acid eluting in a gradient mode with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Plasma samples were deproteinized with cold acetonitrile containing 0.01% TFA (1:2, v/v) and 50 μL of the supernatant were injected into the system. PT‐31 and phenytoin (internal standard) retention times were roughly 1.0 and 1.5 min, respectively. Linear standard curves were plotted for the 0.01–10 µg/mL concentration range, with a coefficient of determination > 0.99. The method's precision was over 88%. Maximum intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were 14.6% and 11.6%, respectively. Interfering substances were not detected in the chromatogram, indicating that the method was specific. PT‐31 stability was assessed under different temperature and storage settings. The method was used to characterize PT‐31 plasma pharmacokinetics following administration of 5 mg/kg i.v. to Wistar rats. Therefore, the method described is sensitive, linear, precise and specific enough to determine PT‐31 in preclinical pharmacokinetic investigations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Advantage analysis of PMN-PT material for free-flooded ring transducers

The acoustic radiation characteristics of free-flooded ring transducers made of PZT4 and PMN-PT materials are calculated and compared.First,the theoretical formulae for free-flooded ring transducers are studied.The resonant frequencies of a transducer made of PZT4 and PMN-PT materials are calculated.Then,the transmitting voltage responses of the free-flooded ring transducers are calculated using the finite element method.Finally,the acoustic radiation characteristics of the free-flooded ring transducers are calculated using the boundary element method.The calculated results show that the resonant frequencies of the free-flooded ring transducer made of PMN-PT are greatly reduced compared with those made of PZT4 with the same size.The transmitting voltage response of the transducer made of PMN-PT is much higher than that of the transducer made of PZT4.The calculated 3-dB beamwidth of the acoustic radiated far-field directivity of the free-flooded ring transducer made of PZT4 at the resonant frequency 1900 Hz is 63.6 and that of the transducer made of PMN-PT at the resonant frequency 1000 Hz is 64.6.The comparison results show that the free-flooded ring transducer made of PMN-PT material has many advantages over that made of PZT4.The PMN-PT is a promising material for improving the performance of free-flooded ring transducers.     

基于KPCA-LSSVM的发动机PT燃油系统故障诊断

为有效解决PT燃油系统进油油路堵塞、滤清器泄漏、喷油器油路堵塞等多种典型故障诊断问题,提出了基于核主元分析(KPCA)和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的故障识别方法。首先计算油压信号的时域特征集,然后采用KPCA对原始多维初始特征向量进行特征提取,最后将经过KPCA提取的主特征向量输入经多种群遗传算法(MPGA)优化的LSSVM中实现故障类型的识别。实验结果表明,KPCA提取的主特征向量有效表达了原始故障的特征信息,相比于传统的BP神经网络和未经参数优选的LSSVM等分类模型,基于KPCA-LSSVM的故障识别方法速度更快、分类准确率更高。     

Genetic Algorithm Based on a New Similarity for Probabilistic Transformation of Belief Functions

Recent studies of alternative probabilistic transformation (PT) in Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory have mainly focused on investigating various schemes for assigning the mass of compound focal elements to each singleton in order to obtain a Bayesian belief function for decision-making problems. In the process of such a transformation, how to precisely evaluate the closeness between the original basic belief assignments (BBAs) and transformed BBAs is important. In this paper, a new aggregation measure is proposed by comprehensively considering the interval distance between BBAs and also the sequence inside the BBAs. Relying on this new measure, we propose a novel multi-objective evolutionary-based probabilistic transformation (MOEPT) thanks to global optimizing capabilities inspired by a genetic algorithm (GA). From the perspective of mathematical theory, convergence analysis of EPT is employed to prove the rationality of the GA used here. Finally, various scenarios in evidence reasoning are presented to evaluate the robustness of EPT.     

PT/PZT/PT铁电薄膜的铁电畴和畴壁

用sol-gel法制备出了具有良好铁电性、纯钙钛矿结构的PbTiO₃/Pb(Zr_0.3Ti_0.7)O₃/PbTiO₃(PT/PZT/PT)新型夹心结构铁电薄膜.用扫描力显微镜(SFM)的压电响应模式获得了薄膜铁电畴的垂直于膜平面方向(OPP)、膜平面内(IPP)及OPP的相位和幅度图像，结合理论分析指出薄膜的电畴主要由c畴和偏离垂直于膜平面方向上的c畴构成，薄膜取向的复杂性导致了复杂的畴结构.对于［111］取向的薄膜，当偏离垂直于膜平面方向上的c畴在垂直膜平面方向和面内方向都相反时构成180°的畴壁，在垂直膜平面方向上相同、面内方向相反或由垂直膜平面方向上相反、面内方向相同时构成90°畴壁. 关键词： 铁电薄膜 PT/PZT/PT 电畴和畴壁 扫描力显微镜(SFM)     

Isospectral Hamiltonians from Moyal products

Recently Scholtz and Geyer proposed a very efficient method to compute metric operators for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians from Moyal products. We develop these ideas further and suggest to use a more symmetrical definition for the Moyal products, because they lead to simpler differential equations. In addition, we demonstrate how to use this approach to determine the Hermitian counterpart for a pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We illustrate our suggestions with the explicitly solvable example of the −x ⁴-potential and the ubiquitous harmonic oscillator in a complex cubic potential.