DSM-LPDF两相湍流模型及旋流两相流动的模拟

本文由流体－颗粒速度的拉氏联合概率密度函数（ＰＤＦ）输运方程出发,用Ｓｉｍｏｎｉｎ建议的Ｌａｎｇｅｖｉｎ模型封闭颗粒所遇到流体瞬时速度的条件期望项,并用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法直接求解 ＰＤＦ输运方程,将其和求解流体雷诺应力方程模型的有限差分方法结合,建立了雷诺应力－拉氏ＰＤＦ（ＤＳＭ－ＬＰＤＦ,简称ＤＬ）两相湍流模型．用此模型模拟了旋流数为０．４７的突扩旋流气粒两相流动,并与文献中ＰＤＰＡ实验和用类似于单相流动湍流模型封闭方法的时平均统一二阶矩（ＵＳＭ）模型的预报进行了对比．     

Joint Scalar versus Joint Velocity-Scalar PDF Simulations of Bluff-Body Stabilized Flames with REDIM

Two transported PDF strategies, joint velocity-scalar PDF (JVSPDF) and joint scalar PDF (JSPDF), are investigated for bluff-body stabilized jet-type turbulent diffusion flames with a variable degree of turbulence–chemistry interaction. Chemistry is modeled by means of the novel reaction-diffusion manifold (REDIM) technique. A detailed chemistry mechanism is reduced, including diffusion effects, with N ₂ and CO ₂ mass fractions as reduced coordinates. The second-moment closure RANS turbulence model and the modified Curl’s micro-mixing model are not varied. Radiative heat loss effects are ignored. The results for mean velocity and velocity fluctuations in physical space are very similar for both PDF methods. They agree well with experimental data up to the neck zone. Each of the two PDF approaches implies a different closure for the velocity-scalar correlation. This leads to differences in the radial profiles in physical space of mean scalars and mixture fraction variance, due to different scalar flux modeling. Differences are visible in mean mixture fraction and mean temperature, as well as in mixture fraction variance. In principle, the JVSPDF simulations can be closer to physical reality, as a differential model is implied for the scalar fluxes, whereas the gradient diffusion hypothesis is implied in JSPDF simulations. Yet, in JSPDF simulations, turbulent diffusion can be tuned by means of the turbulent Schmidt number. In the neck zone, where the turbulent flow field results deteriorate, the joint scalar PDF results are in somewhat better agreement with experimental data, for the test cases considered. In composition space, where results are reported as scatter plots, differences between the two PDF strategies are small in the calculations at hand, with a little more local extinction in the joint scalar PDF results.     

数据交换中的数据格式转换

随着Web应用的迅速发展,如何进行Web上各系统之间的数据交换成为一个十分重要的问题.其中的核心是Web上的各种数据格式之间的相互转换.本文以XML作为数据交换的中介,从语法和语义2个角度出发,分析和比较了现有Web上的HTML,Word及PDF的数据格式以及它们同XML之间的相互转换技术.     

PDF文档中的脚注识别研究

针对PDF 文档的脚注识别问题, 提出一种自动识别脚注及其引用, 并建立它们之间匹配关系的方法。首先针对PDF 文档提取脚注的一系列特征, 包括页面布局、字体信息、语义信息等, 然后基于文档部件风格一致性, 利用聚类技术, 处理在不同文档中相异但在同一文档中相似的特征, 从而使得识别过程能够适应不同文档类型。此外, 利用脚注与引用的匹配结果为识别过程提供反馈, 进一步提高了识别准确性。在真实文档测试集上的实验结果表明, 所提方法对于PDF 文档的脚注识别取得较高的准确率和召回率。     

混响室内场分布统计特性的研究

本文通过实测得到理论参考值,再利用概率密度函数(PDF)模型定性分析了混响室内场的分布统计特性.本次实验采用的混响室工作频率为1GHz-9GHz,尺寸为1.1 m×0.7m×0.6m(长×宽×高),实验结果将参照模型进行分析,并且用威布尔图对实验数据进行验证,在一定的误差允许范围内,最终验证混响室内场的功率密度的pdf满足威布尔分布.     

气液两相段塞流的PSD和PDF特征分析

在气液两相段塞流理论基础上,通过大量实验,利用LabVIEW平台进行数据采集和处理,并引进数字信号理论和统计学分析方法,得出了段塞流在不同时期、不同形态的概率密度函数(PDF)特征和功率谱密度函数(PSD)特征.段塞流的压力概率密度函数呈现单峰、双峰、多峰分布,尤以双峰分布最为普遍;段塞流的压差概率密度函数分布符合正态分布,呈现单峰分布;段塞流的功率谱在整个频率范围内随着频率增大而缓慢下降,频率范围内出现两个幅度比较明显的特征峰.利用PSD和PDF特征分析可以进行气液两相流的流型识别,为研究流型和管道系统设计提供帮助.     

二维编解码技术研究与应用

对PDF417二维条码编码和解码的新方法及其应用进行研究,编码信息可以是数字、汉字和图像,并且根据编码内容自动选择最佳编码方式,最大限度地节省编码空间;不同于传统的硬件识读方式,开发了更灵活、实用的软件解码程序。采用扫描算法排除条码识读过程中的噪声误差,提高了条码系统的解码精度。     

Improving the picture of atomic structure in nonoriented polymer domains using the pair distribution function: A study of polyamide 6

Investigations of the atomic structures within polyamides started over 80 years ago and continue today. These weakly ordered materials diffract X-rays poorly and typically require postprocessing to obtain idealized samples for structural studies. An important goal remains to develop techniques to study the local structure in its natural state, with atomic resolution, and with sensitivity to subtle changes due to synthesis conditions or other technologically relevant processing procedures. Here, we compare the structures of as-produced, nonoriented polyamide 6 ([C₆H₁₁NO] _n) from both hydrolytic and anionic processes. A total scattering pair distribution function approach is used to elucidate information about the atomic bonding, molecular conformation, chain packing, crystallite size, and ratio of ordered to disordered domain content. The results are compared with those from standard analytical methods.     

The Chemistry of Nucleation: In Situ Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Secondary Building Units During UiO-66 MOF Formation

The concept of secondary building units (SBUs) is central to all science on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and they are widely used to design new MOF materials. However, the presence of SBUs during MOF formation remains controversial, and the formation mechanism of MOFs remains unclear, due to limited information about the evolution of prenucleation cluster structures. Here in situ pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was used to probe UiO-66 formation under solvothermal conditions. The expected SBU—a hexanuclear zirconium cluster—is present in the metal salt precursor solution. Addition of organic ligands results in a disordered structure with correlations up to 23 Å, resembling crystalline UiO-66. Heating leads to fast cluster aggregation, and further growth and ordering results in the crystalline product. Thus, SBUs are present already at room temperature and act as building blocks for MOF formation. The proposed formation steps provide insight for further development of MOF synthesis.