混响室内场分布统计特性的研究

本文通过实测得到理论参考值,再利用概率密度函数(PDF)模型定性分析了混响室内场的分布统计特性.本次实验采用的混响室工作频率为1GHz-9GHz,尺寸为1.1 m×0.7m×0.6m(长×宽×高),实验结果将参照模型进行分析,并且用威布尔图对实验数据进行验证,在一定的误差允许范围内,最终验证混响室内场的功率密度的pdf满足威布尔分布.     

PDF文档中的脚注识别研究

针对PDF 文档的脚注识别问题, 提出一种自动识别脚注及其引用, 并建立它们之间匹配关系的方法。首先针对PDF 文档提取脚注的一系列特征, 包括页面布局、字体信息、语义信息等, 然后基于文档部件风格一致性, 利用聚类技术, 处理在不同文档中相异但在同一文档中相似的特征, 从而使得识别过程能够适应不同文档类型。此外, 利用脚注与引用的匹配结果为识别过程提供反馈, 进一步提高了识别准确性。在真实文档测试集上的实验结果表明, 所提方法对于PDF 文档的脚注识别取得较高的准确率和召回率。     

气液两相段塞流的PSD和PDF特征分析

在气液两相段塞流理论基础上,通过大量实验,利用LabVIEW平台进行数据采集和处理,并引进数字信号理论和统计学分析方法,得出了段塞流在不同时期、不同形态的概率密度函数(PDF)特征和功率谱密度函数(PSD)特征.段塞流的压力概率密度函数呈现单峰、双峰、多峰分布,尤以双峰分布最为普遍;段塞流的压差概率密度函数分布符合正态分布,呈现单峰分布;段塞流的功率谱在整个频率范围内随着频率增大而缓慢下降,频率范围内出现两个幅度比较明显的特征峰.利用PSD和PDF特征分析可以进行气液两相流的流型识别,为研究流型和管道系统设计提供帮助.     

A comparison of different approaches to integrate flamelet tables with presumed-shape PDF in flamelet models for turbulent flames

Flamelet models for turbulent combustion modelling make use of presumed-shape probability density functions (PDFs) for integrating laminar flamelet solutions to obtain an integrated flamelet table that can readily be used for turbulent flame calculations. The existence of non-unique approaches for such an integration has rarely been investigated before. For the first time, this work studies systematically the non-uniqueness of the flamelet table integration approaches. A flamelet model called the flamelet/progress variable model is used in the study, although the issue exists generally in many other flamelet models. Two classes of table integration approaches are investigated, one preserving the laminar flamelet structures during integration and the other not. Three different table integration approaches are examined and compared in detail to provide a thorough understanding of the different approaches. A partially stirred reactor is used as a test case for examining the different approaches. A method based on the transported PDF method is also employed to provide a reference for the assessment of the different flamelet table integration approaches. It is found in general that the flamelet preserving integration approach yields a more reasonable joint PDF of the mixture fraction and the progress variable, and the prediction results are closer to the referenced transported PDF results.     

湿法脱硫岛内气液两相流流动规律的研究

采用直接观察法、床层膨胀法和概率密度函数(PDF)法对湿法烟气脱硫塔内流型的形成和转变规律进行了研究和分析,认为湿法烟气脱硫塔内气液两相顺、逆流时,随着液气比的增大,会形成液柱式、喘动式和类鼓泡式流动等三种流型,并给出了判别三种流型的基本方法和准则,提出了气相雷诺数Reg-液气比L／g流型图,为湿法烟气脱硫塔传热传质规律的进一步研究及塔身的安全运行提供了基础依据。     

Statistical structure of the velocity field in cavitating flow around a 2D hydrofoil

Transformation of flow turbulence structure with cavitation occurrence, determination of the flow conditions favorable for nucleation of cavitation bubbles, influence of the statistical structure of turbulence on this process and the inverse effect of cavitation on the flow dynamics are challenging problems in modern fluid mechanics. The paper reports on the results of statistical processing of the velocity fields measured by a PIV technique in cavitating flow over a 2D symmetric hydrofoil for four flow conditions, starting from a cavitation-free regime and finishing by unsteady cloud cavitation. We analyze basic information on the statistical structure of velocity fluctuations in the form of histograms and Q-Q diagrams along with profiles of the mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. The research reveals that the flow turbulence pattern and distributions of turbulent fluctuations change significantly with the cavitation development. Under unsteady cloud cavitation conditions, the probability density function of the fluctuating velocity has a two-mode distribution, which indicates switching of two alternating flow conditions in a region above the hydrofoil aft part due to periodic passing of cavitation clouds. Behaviors of the mean and most probable velocities unexpectedly appear to be different with a monotonous increase of the incoming flow velocity. This finding must be caused by modification of the skewness coefficient of the fluctuating velocity.     

湍流燃烧的简化的联合PDF模拟

为同时满足工程应用中的合理性和经济性 ,提出了一种简化的联合三维高斯分布的 PDF模型 ,将其用于后台阶突扩燃烧室中甲烷燃烧的数值模拟。由于充分考虑了组分浓度、温度的一阶矩以及它们的二阶自关联矩和互关联矩对化学反应速率的影响 ,得到的火焰形状和温度分布无论是定性还是定量上都比 EBU模型和 Arrhenius模型合理。因计算量较小 ,模型在工程实际中 ,特别是污染物生成的数值模拟中得到应用     

谈数学论文排版技术与全文上网的实现

探讨了数学文章编辑排版中的技术问题，对于图文混排，图像格式转化及全文上网的实现提供了切实可行的方法。     

GCC box in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis PDF1.2</Emphasis> promoter is an essential and sufficient cis-acting element in response to MeJA treatment

The expression of Arabidopsis PDF1.2 gene isregulated by jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). It also has been well documented that GCC box is an element responsive to ET, however, the responsive mechanism of JA in such plant defense gene expression is unclear. In this paper, the authors define the essential cis-acting element in PDF1.2 promoter responsive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) through fragment deletions and site-directed mutageneses combiningAgrobacterium-mediated transient reporter gene expression in tobacco leaves. Firstly, the MeJA inducible expression o fPDF1.2 was confirmed by using the upstream -1.86 kb fragment of PDFI.2 gene. Secondly, the upstream -300— -243 bp fragment of the promoter was evidenced to respond to MeJA. To further characterize this promoter region, three point mutations were introduced into the -300— -243 bp fragment of the promoter. This result showed that the mutation of GCC box abolished MeJA induction, whereas the mutations of the G box-like and the imperfect palindrome sequence did not significantly decrease MeJA inducible effect, indicating that GCC box in PDFI.2 is essential for MeJA induction. The sufficient responsiveness to MeJA of this GCC box was further investigated by 4xGCC fused upstream to the CaMV 35S minimal promoter. This result suggested that the fused promoter was able to activate reporter gene expression in response to MeJA. Thus these results indicate that the GCC box in PDFI.2 is an essential and sufficient element to confer MeJA induction.     

Flow Structure of Lifted Swirling Jet Flames

Swirling combustion is widely applied in various applications such as gas turbines, utility boilersor waste incinerators. This article contributes to the ongoing research by providing experimentaldata that are gathered in the mixing zone of a lifted swirling premixed natural gas flame. Theobjective of this paper is fivefold: (1) to introduce the lifted swirling flame featuring lowNO _x emissions (2) to provide experimental data such as major species distributions, temperature and streamlines of the flow pattern, (3) to report on velocity bias in probability density function (PDF) distributions and to present PDF sequences of velocities in medium scale swirling flows, (4) to make an assessment on the local small-scale turbulence that is present in the swirling mixinglayer and (5) to provide new experimental data for model verification and development.The PDFs are corrected in order to compensate for the velocity bias phenomenon, which is typicalfor randomly sampled LDA data. Sequences of axial PDF data are presented and measurement locationsof interest are selected to look at the PDF characteristics of the internal and externalrecirculation zones, the mixing layer and the onset of the reacting flow into detail. The mixinglayer PDFs covered a wide velocity range and revealed bimodality; even the concept ofmulti-modality is suggested and explored. Analysis showed that a sum of two Gaussian distributionscan accurately envelop the experimental PDFs. The reason for this broadband turbulence behavior isto be found in combination of precessing and flapping motion of the flow structures, and also incombustion generated instabilities of the lifted flame. As a result, the flame brush is wide (largescale motion) and the mixing (small-scale turbulence) flattens any high temperatures in thecombustion process.The multi-scale turbulence concept is subsequently used to make anassessment of the local turbulence characteristics in the mixing layer.The idea is that the PDFs capture both contributions of the flow-inherent fine grain turbulence (u _l ) which is superposed on slowlarge scale fluctuating structures. It is this u _l that will be of interest in continued research on the classification of the lifted flame into acombustion regime diagram (e.g. Borghi diagram). Finally, the bimodalitycharacter in reacting flows and the prediction of large-scale structuresmay be a challenge for LES researchers.