车载移动卫星通信系统电磁屏蔽研究

为了减少外界电磁脉冲对车载移动卫星通信系统的电磁损伤,通过设置带孔缝的屏蔽腔体对系统内部各组件进行电磁防护。应用传输线理论,将带孔缝的屏蔽腔体建模成传输线,腔体内部的PCB板建模成特殊的传输层,求解出腔体内任意点的屏蔽效能。仿真结果表明：本文所建模型可以很好地拟合实验数据,验证了本文模型的准确性,很好地解决了运算速度与精确度之间的矛盾。模型给出了电磁脉冲入射角、极化角、腔体和孔缝尺寸等对屏蔽效能的影响,为工程实践中进行电磁屏蔽提供了很好的理论基础。     

Column Chromatographic Procedure for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Certain Industrial Oils

Abstract

Certain oils cause considerable interference in the determination of PCBs by gas chromatography with electron capture detection, requiring time-consuming sample clean-up procedures. Column chromatography, using small, radially-compressed silica columns, is used to isolate PCBs in various oil matrices, thus permitting quantitative analysis. Pure mineral oil, phosphate ester, glycol-base, and sulfonated mineral oils were studied.     

图像处理技术在焊点检测中的应用

将图像处理技术引入PCB焊点检测中,对焊点进检测：用LOG算子进行图像滤波和增强,然后利用最优阈值法进行图像分割,接下来进行形态学处理,最后用颗粒分析获得目标特征参数实现焊点分析．经过试验表明,该系统操作简单,效率高,可以很好地实现对焊点质量的检测．     

一个印刷电路板布线计算机辅助设计系统

本文介绍一个实用的人机交互式印刷电路板布线系统。该系统侧重解决模似电路元件构成的单面印刷电路板布线问题。系统不仅可以设计出直接用于制版的印刷电路板版图,还可以给出标有元件图形、汉字、符号的套色元件装配图,并且可以绘出电路原理图。根据所绘电路原理图还可以自动提取元件明细表、电路连接关系表,电路基本描述文件等。     

Molecular dynamics study of selective adsorption of PCB on activated carbon

The selectivity of PCB adsorption from fish oil onto activated carbon (AC) was investigated by means of molecular dynamics to determine the importance of molecular planarity. PCB congeners 77 and 118 were selected for comparison purposes due to pronounced differences in mean adsorption efficiency and molecular geometry; triolein, a triacylglycerol of oleic acid (C18:1), was used as the representative fish oil component. Graphitic carbon structure was set up to serve as activated carbon model. Molecular force fields employed in the simulations combined short-range parameters from the OPLS with partial atomic charges obtained via quantum chemical calculations using DFT/B3LYP/6-31**G+ and Solvation Model 6. We modified the dihedral angle potential between the PCB aromatic rings and applied Schrödinger's Jaguar package to evaluate the required force field constants. Our complete system comprised a number of PCB molecules dissolved in triacylglycerol that overlaid and filled the pores of an AC structure. The production run of 4 ns provided strong indications that smaller pores will be conductive to better selectivity though also resulted in certain doubts concerning the estimation and assignment of partial atomic charges on the activated carbon. The majority of PCB molecules trapped in pores were attached via cl-AC “bonding”, leaving the main part of the PCB molecule free to interact with triolein. The cl-AC adsorption energy was found to surpass the energy criteria conventionally used for hydrogen bonds. Planar orientation assumed by a PCB molecule in a very energetically favored position on top of the graphite sheet clearly supported the π-cloud overlap hypothesis.     

Determination of Selected Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Human Serum by Solid-phase Disk Extraction and Dual-Column Capillary Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection

Abstract

An improved clean-up method by solid-phase disk extraction was developed to isolate and concentrate trace levels of POPs (persistent organochlorine pollutants) in human serum prior to gas chromatography with electron capture detection on two different capillary columns, providing an improved selectivity. An Empore^TM C₁₈ bonded silica extraction disk cartridge is used for the initial extraction and enrichment of the analytes. Subsequent clean-up is achieved by concentrated sulphuric acid and silica gel adsorption chromatography. Recoveries for selected POPs are ranging from 62 to 74% and a good reproducibility (RSD < 14%) is demonstrated. Human samples analysed under these conditions, show a similar relative concentration profile.     

Determination of Trialkyl and Triaryl Phosphates by Narrow-bore Liquid Chromatography with On-line Thermionic Detection

Abstract

The potential of a previously reported on-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography-thermionic detector (LC–TID) system has been further evaluated. Several trialkyl (trimethyl to tri-octyl) and triaryl (triphenyl and tri-o-cresyl) phosphates were chosen as model compounds. LC was done on an alkyl-bonded silica column with methanol-water (80:20) at a flow-rate of 35—70μ/min as eluent. The band broadening in the interface-TID unit increased with decreasing volatility of the compounds and for the relatively non-volatile compounds, the band broadening decreased with increasing eluent flow-rate.

For most of the test compounds, detection limits of 40–100pg were obtained. As an illustration of the high selectivity of the LC[sbnd]TID system, the trace-level determination of two aryl phosphates in sediment samples is reported.     

Soil Contamination by some Organic Micropollutants Related to Sewage Sludge Spreading

Abstract

The aim of the present publication is to give some information on soil contamination by 4 different micropollutant classes due to sewage sludge spreading.

The soil under reserch shown an accumulation of light molecular weight PAHs and PCBs, DEHP and 4-NP just after spreading, but one month later the con-centration of these micropollutant groups fall to the concentration detected just before the sludge spreding.

As far as the soil concentration is concerned, only PAHs and PCBs are precipitation dependent.

Some test plots, enriched during 10 years with fertilisers, pig-dung or sewage sludges show only an increse of the PAH concentrations of the plots amended with sludges. In the same way, the sewage sludge is chiefly responsible for the increase of PCBs in the soils, but pig-dung seems to contain quantities of these micropollutants which have to be taken into consideration.     

Bio Availability of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in the Soil to Earthworm (L. rubellus) System

Abstract

The earthworm's (Lumbricus rubellus) uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from a soil contaminated with a commercial PCB formulation (Askarel at 150 μg g^?1) and their elimination of PCBs into a low contaminated soil (15 μg g^?1) has been studied. 17 individual congeners were monitored. The uptake and the elimination rate were similar for all PCB congeners notwithstanding their different chloro-substitution pattern which suggested that bioaccumulation of PCBs in earthworms is governed by passive, possibly diffusion controlled processes. The equilibrium state in the three-phase system, soil/soil water/earthworm was reached with a half-time around 3–4 days. The soil to earthworm bioconcentration factor ranged from 4 to 20 for tetra- to octa-chlorinated biphenyls and was weakly depending on the octanol-water partition coefficient: BCF = ?(1.3?1.8) × K _OW ^(0.35?0.40).