Gaussian-DPSM (G-DPSM) and Element Source Method (ESM) modifications to DPSM for ultrasonic field modeling

In the last few years, Distributed Point Source Method (DPSM) a mesh-free semi-analytical technique has been developed. In spite of its many advantages, one shortcoming of the conventional DPSM method is that the field obtained by conventional DPSM method needs to be scaled to match the theoretical solutions. Two modification techniques called Gaussian-DPSM (G-DPSM) and Element Source Method (ESM) are developed here to avoid the scaling need. G-DPSM technique introduces additional fictitious point sources around every parent point source. Gaussian weight functions determine the strength of these additional fictitious point sources that are denoted as child point sources. ESM replaces discrete point sources used in the conventional DPSM by continuous sources. In the ESM formulation individual point sources are denoted as nodes. Special elements are formed on the boundary by connecting these nodes. The source strength inside the element can vary linearly or non-linearly depending on the order of the interpolation function used inside the element. Results generated by both these methods are compared with the conventional DPSM solution and analytical solution. It is shown that the ultrasonic field in front of the transducer computed by G-DPSM and ESM matches very well with the theory without using any scaling factor.     

具阻尼和源项的非线性粘弹热方程组解的爆破

考虑一个具阻尼和源项的非线性粘弹热方程组的初边值问题.建立一个正初始能量下方程组解的爆破结果.     

A hybrid type of soliton equations with self-consistent sources: KP and Toda cases

Source generation procedure is applied to construct a hybrid type of soliton equations with self-consistent sources (SESCSs). The examples include the KP equation with self-consistent sources (KPESCS) and two-dimensional TodaESCS. One typical feature for this hybrid type of SESCSs is that soliton solutions of these new systems contain arbitrary functions of a linear combination of two independent variables, which is different from the normal SESCSs where soliton solutions only contain arbitrary functions of one independent variable. What's more, the obtained two hybrid SESCSs can be reduced to two different simpler SESCSs respectively.     

Application of time reverse modeling on ultrasonic non-destructive testing of concrete

Time reverse modeling (TRM) is applied to localize and characterize acoustic emission using a numerical concrete model. Aim is to transform a method within exploration geophysics to non-destructive testing. In contrast to previous time reverse applications, no single event or first onset time identification is applied. The method is described from a mathematical point of view. So-called source TRM with limited knowledge of boundary values is compared with so-called full TRM where a complete set of boundary conditions is used. The resulting localization accuracy of both approaches is similar. With a known three-dimensional analytical solution we demonstrate the applicability and the limitations of the two-dimensional wave propagation method solving the elastodynamic wave equation. With the help of CT images we are able to digitalize a concrete specimen and to verify a used numerical concrete model. TRM localization using this highly scattering material is feasible using the rotated staggered finite-difference method. We demonstrate the localization of acoustic emission with a limited number of sensors and using effective elastic properties. Source characteristics can also be recovered. Goal is to apply our method to acoustic emissions measured during experiments carried out on concrete and reinforced concrete specimen.     

Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM_(10) during a brown haze episode in Harbin, China

This study investigates the correlation between PM 10 and meteorological factors such as wind speed, atmospheric visibility, dew point, relative humidity, and ambient temperature during a brown haze episode. In order to identify the potential sources of PM 10 during brown haze episode, respirable particulate matter (PM 10 ) was collected during both non-haze days and haze days and further analyzed for metallic elements, ionic species, and carbonaceous contents. Among them, ionic species contributed 45-64% t...     

Sources of heavy metals in the Western Bay of Izmit surface sediments

The study aimed to examine source apportionment of heavy metals of the surface sediments in the <63?µm size fraction. The sediment samples collected from 34 sites at the Western Bay of Izmit were subjected to a total digestion technique and analysed for major (total organic carbon, Al, Fe, Mg, and S) and trace (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn) elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The results were compared with the marine sediment quality standards, as well as literature values reported to assess the pollution status of the sediments. A factor analysis/multiple regression (FA/MR) multivariate receptor modelling technique was used for quantitative source apportionment to estimate the contributions from each source of contamination. Source fingerprints were obtained from the literature. A varimax rotated factor analysis was applied to the whole data set, and four probable source types were identified as the iron and steel industry, paint industry, crustal and sewage for heavy metals, explaining about 84% of the total variance. Source apportionment results derived from the FA and FA/MR methods agree well with each other.     

Evidence of coal combustion contribution to ambient VOCs during winter in Beijing

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play an important role in ozone and secondary organic aerosol(SOA)formation,but VOCs sources during winter are not fully understood.To investigate VOCs sources during winter,mixing ratios of C2–C12 VOCs were measured at an urban site in Beijing from December 29,2011to January 17,2012.Correlation analysis of toluene to benzene and i-pentane to n-pentane suggest that coal combustion could also be an important source for VOCs besides vehicular emissions.Source apportionment results show that coal combustion and vehicular emissions contributed 28%–39%and31%–45%to ambient VOCs during winter,respectively.Backward trajectory analyses demonstrated that contributions from the burning of coal were higher when air masses came from southern regions outside Beijing.Close attention should be paid to VOCs emissions from coal combustion in Beijing city and the vicinity to the South.     

Using and interpreting isotope data for source identification

Isotopes have been widely used for source identification since the early twentieth century. Recent advances in analytical techniques have increased the precision and the accuracy of isotope analysis. As a result, the use of isotopes has spread to several fields (e.g., ecology, food chemistry, archaeology, environmental health and pollution, and forensic sciences).This review examines the principal uses of stable-isotope analyses for tracing origins or sources, along with statistical methods employed for data interpretation, in recent papers (2007-09) dealing essentially with food authentication, ecology, environmental pollution and other applications, including geology, police forensics, hydrology and archaeometry. The main elements analyzed were H, C, N, O, S, Sr and Pb.For isotope-data interpretation, statistical methods appear to depend essentially on the field, the objectives of the study and the number of parameters. They were not often stated explicitly because the studies were exploratory and aimed primarily at assessing the relevance of the analytical techniques used to identify sources. We critically discuss the adequacy of these methods.     

不同产地翡翠的紫外-可见吸收光谱特征研究

翡翠为一种珍贵的玉石。不同产地的翡翠价值差异较大,有些不法商人以某些产地的翡翠冒充缅甸翡翠以获取高价。迫切需要一种可靠方法来确定宝石地理起源,翡翠的产地研究具有重要的宝石学意义,目前主要在翡翠生成时代、矿物组合、硬玉组分含量等方面探讨不同产地翡翠,缺乏快速有效鉴别产地的方法,以缅甸、俄罗斯、危地马拉翡翠为研究对象,对不同产地相同厚度翡翠样品的谱学研究发现：不同产地翡翠紫外-可见吸收光谱中都存在两个明显的吸收峰,紫区437 nm的吸收峰为Fe3+的吸收,430 nm处的吸收峰为Ｍn２＋的自旋禁阻跃迁所致,但是三个产地翡翠紫外-可见吸收光谱的吸收系数范围不同,430 nm处吸收系数峰值范围小于0.62,437 nm处吸收系数峰值小于0.66时,为缅甸翡翠,430 nm处吸收系数峰值范围大于1.1,437 nm处吸收系数峰值大于1.1,为危地马拉翡翠,430 nm处吸收系数峰值范围0.62~1.14,437 nm处吸收系数峰值范围0.66~1.1时,俄罗斯、危地马拉及缅甸翡翠紫外吸收波段重合,为三个产地翡翠共同区域。采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)确定MnO和FeO元素含量,发现不同翡翠产地紫外-可见430和437 nm吸收峰值与MnO和FeO元素含量呈正相关关系,该研究为紫外-可见吸收光谱技术应用于翡翠产地快速鉴别,有一定的实用性和可行性。