Objective and subjective evaluations of the multi-channel auralization technique as applied to solo instruments

Auralizations are commonly used today by architectural acousticians as a tool to model acoustically sensitive spaces. This paper presents investigations employing an auralization methodology known as multi-channel auralizations, to determine the benefits of using an increasing number of channels in such auralizations. First an objective evaluation was conducted to examine how acoustic parameters, such as reverberation time, vary when using “quadrant” (one fourth of a spherical source) or “thirteenth” sources to create the binaural room impulse responses. Large differences in the values were found between the different sections of the sphere, on the order of several just noticeable differences. Two subjective studies were then pursued, first to determine if auralizations made with an increasing number of channels sound more realistic and have an increased perceived source size, using solo musical instruments of varying directivity indices as the sources. Overall, subjects perceived the auralizations made with an increasing number of channels as more realistic, whereas results for perceived source size are less clear. The second subjective study assessed the ease with which subjects could identify the source orientation from the auralizations as a function of number of channels. Results indicate that more channels made it easier for subjects to differentiate between source orientations.     

Implementation and investigation of iterative solvers in the Discrete Sources Method

The implementation of iterative methods as solvers for the Discrete Sources Method (DSM) is presented. In this method, light scattering computation linear systems with dense and relative small matrices are generated. The linear systems are traditionally solved using the QR-decomposition method. For large particles or particles with extreme geometries even this commonly stable solver can fail. In these cases, we expect that iterative methods can provide a satisfying solution nevertheless.We will present our investigation in two consecutive papers. Here, we study four different iterative solvers (RGMRES, BiCGStab, BiCGStab(l), and MinRes) considering the performance and the accuracy for typical light scattering problems. Using these iterative methods we increased the quality of a solution, especially for oblate spheroids with a higher aspect ratio. Preconditioning technique is considered in the following paper.     

合肥光源托歇克效应损失电子的探测

 束流寿命是衡量储存环性能的重要参数,直接影响着光源的正常运行。对于合肥光源（HLS）,托歇克（Touschek）寿命是影响束流寿命的重要因素。为了研究Touschek寿命,需要探测由于Touschek效应所损失的电子。介绍了束流寿命的概念,说明了Touschek效应的原理和机制,利用蒙特卡罗软件EGSnrc模拟计算了丢失电子与真空壁的相互作用,通过塑料闪烁体探测器和光电倍增管获得了由于Touschek效应丢失的电子所产生的信号,然后将信号经过放大甄别和符合处理后,用计数器测量了计数率。结果表明：由于Touschek效应而成对丢失的电子的确存在,且电子损失率随流强的降低而减小。这为下一步储存环的能量标定工作做好了前期准备。     

基于物相与成分分析的中药炉甘石基源研究

通过对56批炉甘石样品的物相与成分分析,为增补水锌矿作为炉甘石基源矿物提供了依据。电子探针微区分析表明:炉甘石是一种复杂的矿物集合体,由水锌矿、菱锌矿、异极矿、白云石、方解石等多种散在共生的微小矿物颗粒共同构成;红外光谱结构分析的结果显示:市售炉甘石的主流矿物为水锌矿。炉甘石药用均为煅烧后入药,作为炉甘石基源的水锌矿与菱锌矿,经炮制后其化学成分均转变为氧化锌,两者化学本质相同。故在保证原矿品质的前提下,两者可共同作为炉甘石的基源矿物。     

探析美国梦

自欧洲移民第一次踏上美洲大陆这块土地,他们一直在追寻一个梦想：物质富裕和精神自由。《独立宣言》更是将这个梦插上了腾飞的翅膀。随着时间的推移,美国梦的基本内容发生了变化,特别是到了二十世纪,更是外化为对物质利益的追求。追寻美国梦产生的根源,能对当今世界提供一定的启示。     

武汉纺织大学百年发展史研究——兼论张之洞对武汉纺织教育的历史贡献

张之洞督鄂十余年,不仅在湖北武汉建立起包括冶金、矿业、军工、纺织等行业门类较为齐全的近代工业体系,而且建构了近代工业教育体系.光绪二十四年(1898)张公亲自创办湖北工艺学堂,将农桑、丝绸织造教育纳入工艺学堂教育之中,由此揭开了近代纺织教育的历史新篇章.他在开创近代纺织教育的过程中,形成了独具特色的教育思想并付诸实践.112年来武汉纺织教育薪火相传、一脉相承,武汉纺织大学作为武汉纺织教育的惟一传承者,其教育史、校史应遵循唯物史观得出具有112年悠久办学历史的科学结论,她与华中农业大学同时开办,与武汉科技大学同根同源,是具有百年历史渊源的一所国立纺织大学.     

Chemical insight into electron density and wave functions: software developments and applications to crystals, molecular complexes and materials science

This paper overviews the work made by our group during the past 10–15 years on crystalline systems, semiconductor surfaces, molecular complexes and on materials of interest for technological applications, such as the defective silicon or the novel generation thermoelectric materials. Our main aim of extracting chemical insight into the analysis of electron densities and computed wave functions is illustrated through a number of examples. The recently proposed Source Function analysis is reviewed and a few of its more interesting applications are summarized. Software package developments, motivated by the need of a direct comparison with experiment or by the help these packages can provide for interpreting complex experimental outcomes, are described and future directions outlined. A particular emphasis is given to the TOPOND and TOPXD programs, which enable one to analyze theoretical and experimental crystalline densities using the rigorous framework of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, due to Bader.     

朱元璋法制思想特点初探

朱元璋的法制思想，一方面对唐朝法律加以继承，另一方面又有所发展。其特点表现在：维护皇权、重典治吏；礼法交融；强调法的简明性、稳定性和重视法制宣传与普及工作。     

DOA estimation for uniform circular array without the source number based on beamspace transform and higher-order cumulant

Fourth-order cumulant is one of most widely used high-order cumulant for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation due to its ability of expanding the virtual array aperture as well as suppressing Gaussian noise. To address the two-dimensional (2D) DOA estimation problem, we propose a modified MUSIC scheme for uniform circular array (UCA) in this paper. Firstly, the fourth-order cumulant of UCA is considered to construct a new propagator, resulting in the elimination of a priori knowledge of the number of signals. Secondly, the UCA is transformed by beamspace transformation, reducing the time computational complexity of the algorithm since the two-dimensional grid search and singular value decomposition are avoided. And finally a low-rank recovery algorithm is adopted to improve the accuracy regarding the limited snapshots scenario. The numerical simulations validate the superiority of the proposed method.     

Transport of salts and micron-sized particles entrained from a boiling water pool

The entrainment of soluble (KI, CsI) and non-soluble (Al₂O₃) substances through droplets, which are produced by disintegrating steam bubbles at the surface of a boiling water pool, is determined in a pilot-scale facility. Integral measurements are conducted at steady-state conditions in an atmosphere of either pure steam or an air–steam mixture. The ratio of the entrained liquid mass flow and the gas mass flow through the pool, the entrainment factor, is determined for air–steam ratios between 0 and 0.47 kg/kg in the gas atmosphere and at constant total pressures between 2 and 6 bar. The influence of the vertical temperature profile in the gas atmosphere on the convective velocity field is demonstrated by phase Doppler anemometry and particle image velocimetry measurements at a location 2.1 m above the pool surface. The influences of nucleation and natural convection are demonstrated during slow de-pressurization of the facility at rates below 420 Pa/s.