从序列到演化──天体演化学的重要研究方法

提出了从序列到演化方法是天体演化学的一种重要的研究方法．笔者认为该方法不仅适用于天体演化学领域研究天体演化问题，而且可以移植、推广到地质演化学、生物进化论等领域研究地质演化、生物进化等问题．     

市场系统有序结构形成的耗散行为

本文以分子运动和商品运动的相似性，把市场与非平衡态势力学及统计物理学结合起来，讨论市场系统非平衡定态条件下的耗散参量，分析市场系统有序相变的临界耗散趋势和有序结构形成的耗散行为，并提出我国社会主义市场经济条件下的市场系统应注意的几个问题。     

二级反应动力学特征分析

从初始浓度不相等的速率方程出发,讨论了三种不同情况下的动力学方程,得到了一级反应、二级反应统一的公式,简化了推导过程.     

论法的四大基本价值

法的基本价值在法的所有价值中具有基石性作用。它体现法的基本精神,终极使命,终极目的,同时它从根本上决定着法的作用,指导着法的作用,并规范着法的发展。中外法学家提出了很多法的基本价值,笔者仅从法的最基本的四大价值即自由、平等、秩序、正义来探析法对人类社会产生的功能和作用。     

Inside the Solvency 2 Black Box: Net Asset Values and Solvency Capital Requirements with a least-squares Monte-Carlo approach

The calculation of Net Asset Values and Solvency Capital Requirements in a Solvency 2 context–and the derivation of sensitivity analyses with respect to the main financial and actuarial risk drivers–is a complex procedure at the level of a real company, where it is illusory to be able to rely on closed-form formulas. The most general approach to performing these computations is that of nested simulations. However, this method is also hardly realistic because of its huge computation resources demand. The least-squares Monte Carlo method has recently been suggested as a way to overcome these difficulties. The present paper confirms that using this method is indeed relevant for Solvency 2 computations at the level of a company.     

Second Order Optimality Conditions for Problems with Continuously Differentiable Data

In this note, by making use of the concept of unbounded approximate Hessian matrices, we present second order optimality conditions for a constrained mathematical programming problem with data whose gradient map is continuous, but not necessarily locally Lipschitz.     

On Estimation of Temperature Uncertainty Using the Second Order Adjoint Problem

The uncertainty of temperature prediction from the heat flux error is estimated using first and second order adjoint equations. The adjoint codes developed for the inverse heat transfer problems provide the uncertainty estimation for the corresponding forward problems. Numerical tests corroborate the feasibility of fast uncertainty estimation using Hessian maximum eigenvalue obtained via second order adjoint equations.     

The impact of stochastic lead time reduction on inventory cost under order crossover

We use exponential lead times to demonstrate that reducing mean lead time has a secondary reduction of the variance due to order crossover. The net effect is that of reducing the inventory cost, and if the reduction in inventory cost overrides the investment in lead time reduction, then the lead time reduction strategy would be tenable.We define lead time reduction as the process of decreasing lead time at an increased cost. To date, decreasing lead times has been confined to deterministic instances. We examine the case where lead times are exponential, for when lead times are stochastic, deliveries are subject to order crossover, so that we must consider effective lead times rather than the actual lead times. The result is that the variance of these lead times is less than the variance of the original replenishment lead times.Here we present a two-stage procedure for reducing the mean and variance for exponentially distributed lead times. We assume that the lead time is made of one or several components and is the time between when the need of a replenishment order is determined to the time of receipt.     

自回归谱估计算法的分类及应用

为了进一步使自回归谱估计算法系统化,为评价算法、选择算法和发展新算法提供参考,本文提出了一种自回归谱估计算法的分类法.文中还介绍了在此分类法的指导下研究出来的一种新的自回归谱估计算法.     

拉普拉斯变换序及相关序的关系

随机变量之间的大小关系(即序关系)在实际问题中具有重要的意义.关于随机变量随机序的一般理论及其在各领域的应用已有比较丰富的研究结果.主要讨论了增加凸(凹)序、拉普拉斯变换序、矩母函数序、阶乘矩序以及矩序之间的关系,最后以两点分布为例简单证明了这种关系.