钨基陶瓷结晶釉的快速结晶制备及其光催化性能探索

本文通过对钨基陶瓷结晶釉材料进行了快速结晶制备,所得釉层晶相为WOP2O7结构.通过扫描电镜分析发现其表面具有显著地结晶化特征形貌,进一步结合EDS能谱分析发现其表面形貌有钨基结晶釉相和底釉相两种结构构成.在光催化性能探索中发现该釉层材料在紫外可见光照射下展现出一定的催化降解罗丹明B溶液的能力,为陶瓷结晶釉材料的功能化价值提升提供了参考.     

施釉机器人视觉系统设计

计算机视觉是计算机科学和人工智能的一个重要分支。随着科学技术的发展,其应用研究受到越来越广泛的重视。介绍了在自动施釉生产线中机器人视觉系统的设计。     

A STUDY ON SNOW PROFILES AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS ALONG 6000km TRANSANTARCTIC ROUTE (Ⅰ)——THE "1990 INTERNATIONAL TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION" GLACIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Along a 5986 km route on Antarctic ice sheet from west to east, 106 snow pits with a depth ranging from 1.0—2.0 m have been dug by the first author of this paper, the Chinese member of the "1990 International Trans-Antarctic Expedition". The basic physical characteristics of the surface layer of the ice sheet on a large scale are obtained through the observations of snow profiles at these snow pits. The sastrugi shapes and major axis azimuths have also been observed or measured on the way. Analysis for these observation data shows that in West Antarctica the meltwater infiltration-congelation is obvious and the annual precipitation is larger than that in East Antarctica, which implies that climate in West Antarctica is warmer, more humid and influenced more greatly by the South Ocean than that in East Antarctica. Radiation ice-glazes frequently found in snow profiles indicate that even in East Antarctica under very low temperatures, surface "melting" occurs in summer due to the long-time solar radiatio     

Raman spectroscopy applied to early (ca. 1746–1754) English steatitic porcelains: a tentative study of compositions

Two pieces of unmarked English porcelainware, a vase and a coffee cup, were examined by Raman spectroscopy. The presence of both forsterite and enstatite was identified in the vase, and enstatite and diopside in the coffee cup, indicating that both articles contained magnesium. The glazes on the two objects were found to be different in chemical composition, as were the compositions of their on‐glaze enamels used for their decoration. Residues of an organic binder were observed in the turquoise on‐glaze enamels used to decorate both objects, indicating that either this colour was cold‐painted onto these, or, more likely, a lead‐based glaze fired at very low temperature was employed. From the data generated, together with the supporting historical information, it is now proposed that the two objects were decorated in different factories, most likely between ca. 1746 and 1754. The vase has been attributed to manufacture and decoration at Worcester during ca. 1753–1754, and the coffee cup is presently attributed to Bow manufacture and decoration in ca. 1746. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陕西西岳庙古琉璃胎料来源的INAA研究及多元统计分析

用仪器中子活化分析研究了陕西立地坡明代地层和陕西西岳庙宋、元、明、清早期、清晚期4个地层出土的古琉璃胎中的主量和微量元素, 并对实验数据进行多元统计分析. 结果表明, 陕西西岳庙从宋到清早期古琉璃胎料很稳定, 其原料可能来自本地； 清晚期古琉璃胎料与宋到清早期的古琉璃之间存在明显的区别, 明代3个样品和清晚期的古琉璃制造原料与立地坡出土的古琉璃其成分相近, 西岳庙清晚期的古琉璃可能来自陕西立地坡窑烧制.     

IR spectra of glazes with a lower B2O3 concentration

Belarusian State Technological University, 13a, Sverdlov Str., Minsk, 220630, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 870–872, September–October, 1996.     

X-ray fluorescence (conventional and 3D) and scanning electron microscopy for the investigation of Portuguese polychrome glazed ceramics: Advances in the knowledge of the manufacturing techniques

This work shows the first analytical results obtained by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) (conventional and 3D) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive System (SEM-EDS) on original Portuguese ceramic pieces produced between the 16th and 18th centuries in Coimbra and Lisbon. Experts distinguished these productions based only on the color, texture and brightness, which originates mislabeling in some cases.Thanks to lateral and spatial resolution in the micrometer regime, the results obtained with μ-XRF were essential in determining the glaze and pigment thicknesses by monitoring the profile of the most abundant element in each “layer”. Furthermore, the dissemination of these elements throughout the glaze is different depending on the glaze composition, firing temperature and on the pigment itself. Hence, the crucial point of this investigation was to analyze and understand the interfaces color/glaze and glaze/ceramic support.Together with the XRF results, images captured by SEM and the corresponding semi-quantitative EDS data revealed different manufacturing processes used by the two production centers. Different capture modes were suitable to distinguish different crystals from the minerals that confer the color of the pigments used and to enhance the fact that some of them are very well spread through the glassy matrix, sustaining the theory of an evolved and careful procedure in the manufacturing process of the glaze.     

Raman analysis of glaze on various archaeological shard samples and intact Ming plates

Raman microscopy is used in the analysis of glaze on a number of samples that include blue and white ceramic shards, a tile from the Citadel of Algiers and intact Ming plates. The use of the glaze depth profiling method for the study of interfacial pigments on these samples [J. Raman Spectrosc. 2007; 38: 1480] prompted the study of the glaze on the same set of samples to determine glaze type dependence of this method. Using the index of polymerization (I_p) which is closely correlated with glaze composition and processing temperature, it is shown that processing temperature could be estimated from a low of about 600 °C for some of the unknown archaeological shards to about 1000 °C or above for the Ming porcelain shards. Two intact porcelain plates from the Hongzhi (1488 – 1505) and Wanli (1573 – 1620) Ming imperial periods from the J. A. van Tilburg Museum of the University of Pretoria have been studied, and glaze/glass transition temperature was estimated to be above 1000 °C, consistent with historical data. A SnO₂‐based glaze tile shard from the Citadel of Algiers was also successfully probed, and results indicated a much lower sintering temperature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

景德镇官窑紫金釉组成及呈色特征

颜色釉是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一,明清时期官窑颜色釉更是其中的杰出代表,蕴含着丰富的科技和文化内涵。采用能量色散X荧光仪和色差计,首次较为系统地分析了景德镇明清官窑紫金釉瓷的胎、釉化学组成和色度值,初步探讨了不同时期官窑紫金釉的组成、配方和呈色特征,及其内在原因。研究表明,紫金釉中钙、镁含量不同于景德镇同时期其他釉种,应刻意选用了镁含量较高的赤褐色或褐色石灰石炼制釉灰入釉;明代紫金釉中镁、铁含量高于清代样品,导致其釉层表面富铁晶体的析出,降低了釉面的明度和光泽度,这也是景德镇明代官窑紫金釉外观呈色更为深沉古朴的主要原因。此外,景德镇明清时期官窑紫金釉瓷胎组成具有"高硅低铝"的特征,且从明代至清代SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比呈下降趋势,表明清代紫金釉制品胎体中高岭土的添加比例有所提高。实验结果填补了我国陶瓷科技发展史研究中关于景德镇明清官窑紫金釉部分的不足,为全面认识景德镇官窑制瓷技术和内涵价值提供了一定的科学素材。     

含相变材料玻璃类围护结构传热系数分析

建立太阳辐射加热下含半透明相变材料类玻璃围护结构的一维相变导热和辐射耦合稳态传热模型,采用控制容积法结合布格尔定律,数值求解含相变材料玻璃围护结构内部的能量传递,分析相变材料的辐射物性参数和室内外环境因素对其传热系数的影响.结果表明,计算相变材料类玻璃围护结构传热系数需要考虑其半透明性;传热系数不仅受物性参数和环境因素的影响,还与材料的液相率与透光率等因素有关.