黑松丛生芽的诱导及植株再生

以黑松带子叶顶芽为外植体建立了包括丛生芽诱导、伸长和生根的植株再生体系。结果表明:培养基中激素的种类、浓度以及外植体年龄对丛生芽的诱导有较大影响。单独使用6-BA能诱导产生丛生芽,但数量少,生长慢,NAA与6-BA配合使用能取得更好的效果。在试验的所有组合中,4.0 mg/L 6-BA 0.05 mg/L NAA效果最佳。截取黑松外植体的最佳苗龄为22~28 d。已分化的丛生芽在无6-BA但附加0.1 mg/L NAA的改良GD培养基中伸长较明显,GA3不能促进黑松丛生芽的生长且有毒害作用。将伸长的丛生芽接种在附加0.2 mg/L NAA的1/2 WPM培养基上培养14 d再转移至无激素的1/2 WPM中,1个月后,生根率达23.3%。     

西洋杜鹃花蕾离体培养再生植株与工厂化育苗

以西洋杜鹃带梗小花蕾为外植体,研究了离体培养再生植株与工厂化育苗技术,试验结果表明:在ER ZT6mg·L-1 IAA1mg·L-1固体培养基中诱导不定芽,诱导率高达94%;增殖与壮苗用诱导培养基和ER ZT1mg·L-1 IAA1mg·L-1固体培养基交替进行,每1代增殖16倍以上;幼苗采用光、暗交替培养提高生长率120%以上;无根苗移植在泥炭土中成活率达94%以上.     

辣椒茎尖离体培养及植株再生

以4个辣椒品种茎尖为外植体，在MS 4mg／L BA 1mg／L IAA 4mg／L AgNO3培养基上诱导不定芽分化，在MS 2mg／L BA 0．1mg／L IAA，MS 0．5mg／L BA 0．1mg／L IAA诱导不定芽茎伸长．结果，平均不定芽诱导率达85％，平均不定芽茎伸长率可达110％，再生植株频率达75％左右．初步实验结果表明：与子叶及下胚轴培养相比，茎尖培养具有成苗率高、基因型不敏感、再生周期短等优势，是解决辣椒组织培养不定芽茎伸长困难，提高再生植株诱导频率的有效途径．     

龙牙楤木组织培养与不定芽再生植株

以龙牙楤木Aralia elate(Miq.)Seem的幼嫩茎、叶为外植体，在含有0．5mg／LNAA 0．5mg／LBA培养基上分别添加0．5mg／12，4-D、2mg／12,4-D时，茎、叶外植体出愈率最高,愈伤组织转入MA (1-3)mg／LBA (0-0．5)mg／LN从后，形成了密布白色霜块状、绿色瘤状和黄褐色颗粒状三种类型的愈伤组织,其中，白色霜状愈伤组织在适宜的条件下可产生不定芽,生根培养基为1／2MA无激素培养基。     

芳纯月季组培快繁技术研究

以芳纯月季为材料进行组培快繁技术的研究,结果表明,芳纯月季茎段最佳消毒处理方法为先用70%的乙醇溶液处理30s后,再用0.1%HgCl_2溶液+Tween-20浸泡处理15 min.丛生芽最佳继代增殖培养基是MS+3mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L TDZ+0.1mg/L IBA,增殖系数达6.52.最佳生根培养基是1/2MS+0.1mg/L IBA.炼苗后幼苗移栽到泥炭和珍珠岩(4∶1)中,移栽驯化成活率能达到96%.     

Renewable Feedstocks: The Problem of Catalyst Deactivation and its Mitigation

Much research has been carried out in the last decade to convert bio‐based feedstock into fuels and chemicals. Most of the research focuses on developing active and selective catalysts, with much less attention devoted to their long‐term stability. This Review considers the main challenges in long‐term catalyst stability, discusses some fundamentals, and presents options for their mitigation. Three main challenges are discussed: catalyst fouling, catalyst poisoning, and catalyst destruction. Fouling is generally related to the deposition of insoluble components present in the feed or formed by degradation of the feed or intermediates. Poisoning is related to the deposition of electropositive contaminants (e.g. alkali and alkaline earth metals) on acid sites or of electronegative contaminants (e.g. N and S) at hydrogenation sites. Catalyst destruction results from the thermodynamic instability of most oxidic supports, solid acids/bases, and hydrogenation functions under hydrothermal conditions.     

Removal of carbonyl sulfide from CO2 stream using AgNO3-modified NaZSM-5

Removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS) from CO₂ stream is significant for the production and utilization of food grade CO₂. This study investigates the adsorption performance of Ag/NaZSM-5 as adsorbent prepared by incipient wetness impregnation for the removal of COS from a CO₂ stream in a fixed-bed adsorption apparatus. Effects of various conditions on the preparation of adsorbent, adsorption and desorption were intensively examined. The results revealed that COS can be removed to below 1×10^?9 from a CO₂ stream (1000 ppm COS/CO₂) using Ag/NaZSM-5 (10 wt% AgNO₃) with an adsorption capacity of 12.86 mg-g^?1. The adsorbent can be fully regenerated using hot air at 450 °C. The adsorption ability remained stable even after eight cycles of regeneration.     

Synthesis of anionic gemini surfactant-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles and its adsorption application for Pb2+

Abstract

Amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AFMSN) were prepared based on the self-assembly process of the pre-fabricated template of anionic gemini surfactant. The perfect mass ration of the reactants for the synthesis of the AFMSN with high surface area and amino loading was optimized by orthogonal experiments. Adsorption capability of the optimized product for lead ion (Pb²⁺) was investigated in detail. Specially, the effects of the amino content, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and interference of other metal ions on the removal efficiency of Pb²⁺ were studied. It is found that these factors can greatly affect the removal efficiency of Pb²⁺ and the prepared adsorbent exhibits the high adsorption selectivity for Pb²⁺. At an optimal condition, the AFMSN adsorbent presents an excellent adsorption capacity for Pb²⁺ up to 211.42?mg/g. The adsorption kinetics study revealed that the pseudo-second-order model could well describe the Pb²⁺ adsorption process, and the adsorption isotherm was fitted well with the Langmuir model. More importantly, the AFMSN adsorbent could be recycled 8 times and a high adsorption efficiency of Pb²⁺ could still be maintained. Therefore, the prepared AFMSN adsorbent may find practical application in removing Pb²⁺ from the polluted water.     

镍基焦油裂解催化剂再生特性及粉尘作用机理研究

在常压固定床反应器中,考察1.0%NiO/0.1%MgO-Al2O3催化剂的稳定性和原位再生性能,并在进料中引入粉尘以模拟真实的煤与生物质热解气化的含尘环境。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高,催化剂的活性提高,寿命缩短。该催化剂在循环再生实验中表现出良好的耐久性,再生温度为800℃时水热失活现象显著,优选的再生温度为600~700℃,再生时间20 min。随着再生剂中水蒸气比例的增加,催化剂的比表面积和孔结构逐渐发生变化。EPMA和XRD表征结果表明,引入粉尘后并未改变催化剂的组成,引入MgO后会形成(Mg0.4Al0.6)Al1.8O4晶相。SiO2具有促进积炭产生的作用,MgO则对积炭的产生具有一定的阻滞作用。适当降低空速可减弱SiO2等惰性粉尘对催化剂活性的负面作用。