城市生态系统健康与耦合协调度评价——以长沙市为例

城市生态系统健康是城市综合发展过程中对生态环境所产生影响的反馈。目前对于此类型的评价模型和方法较成熟,但是缺乏一套相对完善的评价指标体系。本文根据自然—社会—经济复合生态系统理论构建长沙市生态系统健康评价指标体系。结合大数据和传统数据,用基于熵权的模糊综合法对2010—2020年期间长沙生态系统健康和整体协调度进行评价。研究结果表明：1)2010年芙蓉区城市生态系统健康隶属等级最高,为0.55。望城区耦合协调度水平最高,为0.721。2)2020年芙蓉区城市生态系统健康隶属等级最高,达到0.564且协调水平最高,为“良好协调”。3)2010—2020年期间,长沙市各区的生态系统健康均得到改善提高,但是耦合协调度等级变化较大。     

CFRP预警传感器的研究

利用碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的导电性和压电效应,根据碳纤维断裂时所形成的电阻阶跃信号,分别采用直接铺层和预先铺层2种方法制成对结构不同状态进行监测的CFRP预警传感器,该预警传感器具有造价低、耐腐蚀、监测信号易于获取等优点,并将此传感器应用于5根钢筋混凝土梁的试验研究.结果表明,CFRP预警传感器对于钢筋混凝土梁宏观行为的预测具有较好的效果,在混凝土开裂、钢筋屈服等关键时刻,其电阻信号发生突变,触发预警信号,该传感器对于钢筋混凝土类构件的监测具有实用性.     

瑜伽独特健身功效研究

近年来瑜伽风靡世界,它独特的健身方法越来越被人们所接受。人们通过了解瑜伽的宗旨、要求、功法来正确的练习瑜伽,从而获得健康、感悟人生。瑜伽对衰老诱因有独道的认识,修炼瑜伽,可以防病祛病获得健康。     

Experimental investigation of impact of environmental temperature and optimal baseline for thermal attenuation in structural health monitoring based on ultrasonic guided waves

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of any mechanical component is compulsory for its efficient and long-term performance. One of the major challenges to apply SHM technique in real-time inspections is variation in environmental and operating conditions (EOCs). Sometimes the effect of this variation in EOCs is so severe that it influences the SHM system’s response and reduces the accuracy of the inspection process. The goal of current research is to investigate experimentally the impact of environmental temperature on the ultrasonic guided wave signal during damage detection. According to the characteristic of breathing phenomenon of fatigue crack caused by the applied temperature (30 °C–180 °C) under operation condition, behavior of reflection and transmission signal is analyzed in terms of amplitude and group velocity. Based on experiment findings, a wave velocity function has been generated in the Matlab® environment to compute the velocity of acquired signal considering the effect of both temperature and excitation frequency. A corresponding sequence curve is drawn which illustrates that the proposed function is valid when the operating temperature is less than 130 °C because sensor bonding’s characteristics are affected by the further increment in temperature and consequently it would become difficult to illuminate the sole impact of temperature on damage detection results. Impact of temperature on examined material properties and sensor’s bonding strength is also observed in the current study. Analysis of dispersion curves is performed to examine the individual behavior of S0 and A0 wave modes with temperature and to determine the temperature invariant points to reduce the influence of environmental temperature in SHM. Hence current study not only evaluates the impact of temperature on damage detection but also provides an optimal baseline for thermal attenuation in real-time ultrasonic guided wave inspections.     

体育教学与心理健康教育

普通高校体育教学应注重把体育教育与心理健康教育有机的结合起来。在体育教学中转变观念,确立新的教学目标,以学生为本,在开展和实施体育教学活动中注意对学生进存情感教育,通过体育教学的有效手段,提高和改善学生的心理健康水平。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定特定用途保健药品中的褪黑激素

采用ＨＰＬＣ－ＭＳ联用法测定了具有改善睡眠等特定功能的保健药品中的褪黑激素。利用质谱谱库检索和二极管阵列检测光谱图鉴定“松果体素”药品中的褪黑激素,以甲醇－水（７０∶３０）为流动相,检测波长为２７５ｎｍ。用外标法进行定量分析,方法最低检测限为０．２ｎｇ。     

Die chemische Industrie auf dem Weg in eine grüne Zukunft? Sustainable Development und Responsible Care

In literature as well as in environmental reports of many companies of the chemical industry, phrases like „sustainability”︁ and „sustainable development”︁ are proposed strategies for a better future. Such strategies should be the solution for global environmental problems with regard to economic and social needs of the present and future generations. In order to be successful, these strategies should include integrated pollution control as well as responsibility for both resources and products. Examples for new approaches are cleaner production and green chemistry.     

上海城市化过程中人群健康对环境胁迫的响应

对上海1990年至1999年城市转型期间全市、城区以及郊县居民的主要疾病死亡率进行分析,构造一个衡量城区居民和郊县居民人群健康对不同环境胁迫的响应指标“主要疾病相对死亡比”(RMR).结果表明循环系病、肿瘤、呼吸系病是威胁人群健康的前3位疾病,循环系病、肿瘤年死亡率居高不下逐步上升,呼吸系病年死亡率有所下降.城区和郊县居民之间主要疾病死亡率和主要疾病相对死亡比的差异,一定程度上反映了人群健康对不同环境胁迫的响应,但随着城市化进程加剧及其不断向郊县扩张,城区居民和郊县居民对环境胁迫的响应趋于一致,这也反映了城区与郊县环境的差别日渐缩小.将常规环境监测数据和历史流行病普查数据结合起来,可揭示环境胁迫对人群健康的累积效应,并为预测潜在环境风险提供基本资料.     

Human Biomonitoring of Selected Hazardous Compounds in Portugal: Part II—Lessons Learned on Mycotoxins

Human biomonitoring (HBM) data provide information on total exposure regardless of the route and sources of exposure. HBM studies have been applied to quantify human exposure to contaminants and environmental/occupational pollutants by means of determining the parent compounds, their metabolites, or even their reaction products in biological matrices. HBM studies performed among the Portuguese population are dispersed and limited. Thus, to overcome this knowledge gap, this work reviews the published Portuguese HBM information concerning mycotoxins detected in the urine, serum, milk, hair, and nails of different groups of the Portuguese population. This integrative approach to the available HBM data allows us to analyze the main determinants and patterns of exposure of the Portuguese population to the selected hazardous compounds, as well as to assess the potential health risks. We also aimed to identify the main difficulties and challenges of HBM through the analysis of the enrolled studies. Ultimately, this study aims to support national and European policies in promoting human health by summarizing the most important outcomes and lessons learned through the HBM studies carried out in Portugal.     

Human Biomonitoring of Selected Hazardous Compounds in Portugal: Part I—Lessons Learned on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,Metals, Metalloids,and Pesticides

Human biomonitoring (HBM) data provide information on total exposure regardless of the route and sources of exposure. HBM studies have been applied to quantify human exposure to contaminants and environmental/occupational pollutants by determining the parent compounds, their metabolites or even their reaction products in biological matrices. HBM studies performed among the Portuguese population are disperse and limited. To overcome this knowledge gap, this review gathers, for the first time, the published Portuguese HBM information concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, metalloids, and pesticides concentrations detected in the urine, serum, milk, hair, and nails of different groups of the Portuguese population. This integrative insight of available HBM data allows the analysis of the main determinants and patterns of exposure of the Portuguese population to these selected hazardous compounds, as well as assessment of the potential health risks. Identification of the main difficulties and challenges of HBM through analysis of the enrolled studies was also an aim. Ultimately, this study aimed to support national and European policies promoting human health and summarizes the most important outcomes and lessons learned through the HBM studies carried out in Portugal.