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41.
Sericin protein, although a valuable resource for many industries including cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biomedical, has been discarded as a waste in silk industry, causing environmental pollution. This paper describes determination of a membrane-based process for sericin recovery from cocoon cooking wastewaters (CCW) that will enable value-added utilization of waste sericin. The iso-electric point (pI) of sericin was found as 5–6, whose MW was distributed as 180–200, 70–80, 30–40 and 10–25 kDa. Prior to membrane filtration, sericin was separated from other impurities via centrifugation (CFG) followed by microfiltration (MF) in the pre-treatment stage, which also helped minimize post membrane fouling. Ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) were adopted at a pH equal to pI of sericin. UF achieved partial recovery of sericin polypeptides at 37–60%, which was attributed to increased transmission of uncharged sericin polypeptides at their pI. On the other hand, NF achieved sericin recovery as high as 94–95%, containing all MW fractions. Severe flux decline was the major problem due to protein–membrane interactions and high sericin concentrations, where concentration polarization mainly had a dominant effect. Although flux declines were as high as 58–88% in UF and 70–75% in NF, flux recovery by at least 83% was achieved by chemical cleaning using NaOH and free chlorine. 相似文献
42.
A combined osmotic pressure and cake filtration model for crossflow nanofiltration of natural organic matter (NOM) was developed and successfully used to determine model parameters (i.e. permeability reduction factor (η) and specific cake resistance (αcake)) for salt concentrations, NOM concentrations, and ionic strength of salt species (Na+ and Ca++). In the absence of NOM, with increasing salt concentration from 0.004 to 0.1 M, permeability reduction factor (η)) decreased from 0.99 to 0.72 and 0.94 to 0.44 for monovalent cation (Na+) and divalent cation (Ca++), respectively. This reduced membrane permeability was due to salt concentrations and salt species. In the presence of NOM, specific cake resistance tended to increase with increasing NOM concentration and ionic strength in the range of 0.85 × 1015–3.66 × 1015 m kg−1. Solutions containing divalent cation exhibited higher normalized flux decline (Jv/Jvo = 0.685–0.632) and specific cake resistance (αcake = 2.89 × 1015–6.24 × 1015 m kg−1) than those containing monovalent cation, indicating a highly compacted NOM accumulation, thus increased permeate flow resistance during NF filtration experiments. After membrane cleaning, divalent cation exhibited lower water flux recovery than monovalent cation, suggesting higher non-recoverable (Rnon-rec) resistance than monovalent cation. 相似文献
43.
A.A. Hussain S.K. Nataraj M.E.E. Abashar I.S. Al-Mutaz T.M. Aminabhavi 《Journal of membrane science》2008,310(1-2):321-336
Two commercial nanofiltration (NF) membranes, viz., Desal-HL and NF 700 MWCO were investigated experimentally using neutral and charged solutes, viz., glucose, sodium chloride and magnesium chloride. Effect of pH was studied for sodium chloride rejection and isoelectric point of the membrane was deduced. Experimental results were analyzed using Donnan steric pore and dielectric exclusion models. Dielectric exclusion arises due to the difference in dielectric constant between the bulk and the nano-pore. Born dielectric effect was used as dielectric exclusion phenomena in the present investigation. Stokes–Einstein, Born effective and Pauling radii were used for theoretical simulation, which accurately predicted different charge densities. Empirical correlations were proposed between charge density, concentration and pH for each radius. Charge density decreased drastically when dielectric exclusion term was included in the theoretical model, which showed the real physical characteristics of the membranes employed. Charge density and radius of pore was found to be an important surface parameter in predicting the separation effects in NF membranes. 相似文献
44.
Processes such as chromatographic separation and nanofiltration can remove low molecular weight sugars from liquid mixtures of oligosaccharides. As an alternative for the separation of such liquid mixtures, we studied mass diffusion separation of such sugars in a microfluidic device with incorporated nanofiltration membranes. This separation method is based on differences between diffusivities of components and does not require high transmembrane pressures. The effects of channel depth and flow rate were studied in experiments. The key parameters selectivity and rejection increased with increasing channel depth due to increased external mass transfer limitations. Among the studied membranes, the obtained selectivities and rejections correlated to the specified retention values by the manufacturers. Compared to more conventional nanofiltration where high pressure forces solutes through membranes, we obtained corresponding selectivities and fluxes of only an order of magnitude smaller. Simulated results indicated that with optimized microchannel and membrane dimensions, the presented separation process can compete with currently available separation technologies. 相似文献
45.
Philip Chuen Yung Wong Young-Nam Kwon Craig S. Criddle 《Journal of membrane science》2009,340(1-2):117-132
Membrane surface roughness alters the surface area accessible to foulants and may influence macroscopic properties, such as zeta potential. It is usually quantified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at a single scan size. This would be appropriate if roughness is independent of scale. This study shows that the root-mean-square roughness, RRMS, is scale (or scan size, L × L) dependent through the power law RRMS = AL3−D. The coefficient, A, is the roughness at a scan size of 12 μm2. D is the fractal dimension that relates the increase in roughness to the increase in scan size. Values for A and D were determined for a range of micro- and ultrafiltration membranes using an AFM scan series covering at least three orders of magnitude in L. They were also determined for nanofiltration membranes by re-analysis of data in the literature. The results suggest that using the power law expression allows potentially greater discrimination among membrane types and provides a way to quantify membrane roughness over a range of scales. It was further observed that the coefficients A and D of PVDF membranes showed positive and negative correlations, respectively, with the molecular weight cut-off. Additionally, zeta potentials of PVDF membranes measured by the tangential streaming potential method became more negative with increasing A and more positive with increasing D, suggesting possible significant influence of roughness on hydrodynamic transport of ions. 相似文献
46.
Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous scaffold was used as a mid-layer support in a new kind of high flux thin film nanofibrous composite (TFNC) membranes for nanofiltration (NF) applications. The top barrier layer was produced by interfacial polymerization of polyamides containing different ratios of piperazine and bipiperidine. The filtration performance (i.e., permeate flux and rejection) of TFNC membranes based on electrospun PAN nanofibrous scaffold was compared with those of conventional thin film composite (TFC) membranes consisting of (1) a commercial PAN ultrafiltration (UF) support with the same barrier layer coating and (2) two kinds of commercial NF membranes (i.e., NF90 and NF270 from Dow Filmtec). The nanofiltration test was carried out by using a divalent salt solution (MgSO4, 2000 ppm) and a cross-flow filtration cell. The results indicated that TFNC membranes exhibited over 2.4 times more permeate flux than TFC membranes with the same chemical compositions, while maintaining the same rejection rate (ca. 98%). In addition, the permeate flux of hand-cast TFNC membranes was about 38% higher than commercial NF270 membrane with the similar rejection rate. 相似文献
47.
Jin Ran Ting Pan Yuying Wu Chengquan Chu Peng Cui Pengpeng Zhang Xinyu Ai Cen‐Feng Fu Zhengjin Yang Tongwen Xu 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(46):16615-16620
g‐C3N4 membranes were modulated by intercalating molecules with SO3H and benzene moieties between layers. The intercalation molecules break up the tightly stacking structure of g‐C3N4 laminates successfully and accordingly the modified g‐C3N4 membranes give rise to two orders magnitude higher water permeances without sacrificing the separation efficiency. The sulfonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO)/g‐C3N4 with a thickness of 350 nm presents an exceptionally high water permeance of 8867 L h?1 m?2 bar?1 and 100 % rejection towards methyl blue, while the original g‐C3N4 membrane with a thickness of 226 nm only exhibits a permeance of 60 L h?1 m?2 bar?1. Simultaneously, SO3H sites firmly anchor nitrogen with base functionality distributing onto g‐C3N4 through acid–base interactions. This enables the nanochannels of g‐C3N4 based membranes to be stabilized in acid, basic, and also high‐pressure environments for long periods. 相似文献
48.
纳滤膜的制备技术及进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了纳滤膜的几种主要制备方法,概述了近年来国内外在纳滤膜材质、制备技术及制膜的性能等方面的进展情况。 相似文献
49.
TIAN Guojun ZHANG Yufeng** ZHANG Yan DU Qiyun XIAO Changfa GUO Hao Key Lab of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials & Membrane Process Ministry of Education Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin China 《Chinese Journal of Reactive Polymers》2006,(2)
1. INTRODUCTION Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been known for having properties between those of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and thus have found applications in many areas especially in rejecting multivalent ions for water softening and charged organic pollutants for wastewater treatment. Because of their advantages, such as low operating pressure, high permeate flux, high retention to multivalent ions and organic molecules with molecular weight … 相似文献
50.
Influence of operating conditions on the retention of phosphate in water by nanofiltration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this study was to investigate the retention of phosphate anions, H2PO4− and HPO42−, by nanofiltration. The first part of this study deals with the characterisation of the NF200 membrane used in permeation experiments with aqueous solutions of neutral organic and charged inorganic solutes. In the second part the effects of feed pressure, ionic strength, concentration and pH on the retention of phosphate anions were investigated. Results show that the membrane is negatively charged, its pore radius is around 0.5 nm and the retention order for the salts tested was R(Na2SO4) > R(NaCl) > R(CaCl2). The retentions of phosphate anions are in the order of 85% for H2PO4− and 96% for HPO42−. They are relatively high when compared to retentions of other anions with the same charge. The retentions of phosphate anions, particularly the monovalent species, depend on the chemical parameters (feed concentration, ionic strength, and pH) and applied pressure. The experimental data were analysed using the Speigler–Kedem model and the transport parameters, i.e., the reflection coefficient (σ) and solute permeability (Ps) have been determined. 相似文献