螯虾尾神经节光敏神经元反应的适应特性及信号通路检测

520nm光照诱发克氏原螯虾尾神经节光敏神经元反应,发现2min后出现明显适应现象。适应期间,用550nm检测光刺激引起的效应随适应发展逐渐减弱。胞外高［Mg²⁺]不抑制此光敏反应;高［Mg²⁺］、高［Ca²⁺］均显著增加适应速率;低［Na⁺］显著降低适应速率,但能被胞外高［Ca²⁺］所拮抗。检测光敏神经元的上行传入通路,未见通过下咽神经节,提示可能有中枢启动运动反射环路。统计239例成体螯虾光敏神经元反应检出率,提示在发育过程中存在作为光感受器的光敏及适应潜能的保留或消亡机制。     

The Effects of Structural Alterations in the Polyamine and Amino Acid Moieties of Philanthotoxins on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Inhibition in the Locust,Schistocerca gregaria

Alterations in the polyamine and amino acid (tyrosine) moieties of philanthotoxin-343 (PhTX-343) were investigated for their effects on the antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) isolated from the locust (Schistocerca gregaria) mushroom body. Through whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, the philanthotoxin analogues in this study were shown to cause inhibition of the inward current when co-applied with acetylcholine (ACh). PhTX-343 (IC₅₀ = 0.80 μM at −75 mV) antagonised locust nAChRs in a use-dependent manner, suggesting that it acts as an open-channel blocker. The analogue in which both the secondary amine functionalities were replaced with methylene groups (i.e., PhTX-12) was ~6-fold more potent (IC₅₀ (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) = 0.13 μM at −75 mV) than PhTX-343. The analogue containing cyclohexylalanine as a substitute for the tyrosine moiety of PhTX-343 (i.e., Cha-PhTX-343) was also more potent (IC₅₀ = 0.44 μM at −75 mV). A combination of both alterations to PhTX-343 generated the most potent analogue, i.e., Cha-PhTX-12 (IC₅₀ = 1.71 nM at −75 mV). Modulation by PhTX-343 and Cha-PhTX-343 fell into two distinct groups, indicating the presence of two pharmacologically distinct nAChR groups in the locust mushroom body. In the first group, all concentrations of PhTX-343 and Cha-PhTX-343 inhibited responses to ACh. In the second group, application of PhTX-343 or Cha-PhTX-343 at concentrations ≤100 nM caused potentiation, while concentrations ≥ 1 μM inhibited responses to ACh. Cha-PhTX-12 may have potential to be developed into insecticidal compounds with a novel mode of action.     

磁通耦合神经元模型的稳定性及Hopf分岔分析

通过磁通耦合的方法将两个磁通神经元耦合, 建立耦合神经元模型. 首先, 利用Routh Hurwitz判据分析平衡点的稳定性, 并计算该模型的唯一平衡点; 其次, 由Hopf分岔定理得到分岔解析解, 并研究模型的分岔方向及分岔周期解的稳定性; 最后, 通过数值仿真模拟模型的动力学行为. 结果表明, 在一定参数范围内, 随着耦合强度的增加, 模型产生亚临界Hopf分岔, 同时出现倒倍周期、 加周期分岔现象和较多的周期窗口, 且增加外界刺激电流可诱导尖峰放电.     

一种基于单个神经元的摄像机标定自适应算法

传统的标定算法利用标准的参照物与图像点的对应约束关系来求取摄像机参数,其中非线性优化方法标定精度较高,但计算繁琐.为此提出一种基于单个自适应神经元的摄像机传统标定算法,应用一种结构简单、抗干扰能力很强的单个神经元自适应算法代替通常的非线性优化算法进行摄像机标定.实验结果表明该算法无需计算雅可比矩阵,且精度较高,简单可行.     

Collective alignment of polar filaments by molecular motors

We study the alignment of polar biofilaments, such as microtubules and actin, subject to the action of multiple molecular motors attached simultaneously to more than one filament. Focusing on a paradigm model of only two filaments interacting with multiple motors, we were able to investigate in detail the alignment dynamics. While almost no alignment occurs in the case of a single motor, the filaments become rapidly aligned due to the collective action of the motors. Our analysis shows that the alignment time is governed by the number of bound motors and the magnitude of the motors’ stepping fluctuations. We predict that the time scale of alignment is in the order of seconds, much faster than that reported for passive crosslink-induced bundling. In vitro experiments on the alignment of microtubules by multiple-motor covered beads are in qualitative agreement. We also discuss another mode of fast alignment of filaments, namely the cooperation between motors and passive crosslinks.     

Transport by Molecular Motors in the Presence of Static Defects

The transport by molecular motors along cytoskeletal filaments is studied theoretically in the presence of static defects. The movements of single motors are described as biased random walks along the filament as well as binding to and unbinding from the filament. Three basic types of defects are distinguished, which differ from normal filament sites only in one of the motors’ transition probabilities. Both stepping defects with a reduced probability for forward steps and unbinding defects with an increased probability for motor unbinding strongly reduce the velocities and the run lengths of the motors with increasing defect density. For transport by single motors, binding defects with a reduced probability for motor binding have a relatively small effect on the transport properties. For cargo transport by motors teams, binding defects also change the effective unbinding rate of the cargo particles and are expected to have a stronger effect.     

Effect of gating currents of ion channels on the collective spiking activity of coupled Hodgkin-Huxley neurons

Based on the coupled stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons, we numerically studied the effect of gating currents of ion channels, as well as coupling and the number of neurons, on the collective spiking rate and regularity in the coupled system. It was found, for a given coupling strength and with a relatively large number of neurons, when gating currents are applied, the collective spiking regularity decreases; meanwhile, the collective spiking rate increases, indicating that gating currents can aggravate the desynchronization of the spikings of all neurons. However, gating currents caused hardly any effect in the spiking of any individual neuron of the coupled system. This result, different from the reduction of the spiking rate by gating currents in a single neuron, provides a new insight into the effect of gating currents on the global information processing and signal transduction in real neural systems. Supported by the Science Foundation of Ludong University (Grant Nos. 23140301, L20072805)     

LMI conditions for global robust stability of delayed neural networks with discontinuous neuron activations

Without assuming that the neuron activations are bounded, some delay-independent criteria for interval delayed neural networks with discontinuous neuron activations are derived to guarantee global robust stability by using the generalized Lyapunov method and linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. The obtained results improve and extend those given in earlier literature, and two numerical examples are also given to show the effectiveness of our results.     

用人工神经网络方法辨识岩体力学参数

研究了用人工神经网络辨识岩石工程岩体力学参数的基本原理、网络结构、网络训练样本的获得及网络训练方法·在此基础上,提出了用人工神经网络辨识岩石工程岩体力学参数的方法和步骤,并给出了一个参数辨识实例·结果表明,依据巷道变形观测,用神经网络辨识岩石工程岩体力学参数是可行的·该方法为研究岩体物理力学性质参数和岩石工程初始地应力条件提供了一个有效途径,尤其适用于软岩情况下岩体力学参数的辨识·     

装药设计软件的设计与实现

为了配合国营某厂在固体推进剂研制和应用基础技术设计理论方面的提高,对火箭发动机内弹道进行预估仿真计算,应用相关软件技术和基础理论,开发设计了火箭发动机装药设计软件,可利用推进剂的性能参数,进行火箭内弹道的仿真模拟,同时可进行药型设计,预估P-t曲线、预估R-t曲线、计算内弹道参数及点火药量等,为内弹道测试服务,进一步提高了固体推进剂技术的研发水平。