Colloidal Silica Rods: Material Properties and Fluorescent Labeling

In this paper, the characterization and fluorescent labeling of silica rods are reported. These rods are synthesized following a recently reported method. Material properties of the silica rods measured with NMR, elemental analysis, TGA, and porosimetry are compared with those of well‐established Stöber silica spheres. Additionally, silica rods are made suitable for quantitative real‐space studies by confocal microscopy. Several methods of fluorescent labeling to prepare rods with different fluorescent patterning, ranging from uniform fluorescence levels to gradients from one rod‐end to the other, and even patterns of several colors are presented and discussed.     

Highly selective hydrogenation of acetophenone over supported amorphous alloy catalyst

Alpha-phenylethanol (PE) is an essential chemical in the field of medicine and synthetic perfumery. Therefore, in this work, we used a supported Ni–B–P amorphous alloy catalyst (Ni–B–P/SiO₂) in the hydrogenation of acetophenone (AP) to α-PE, which demonstrated excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, compared with Ni–B/SiO₂ (KBH₄ reduction of nickel salt). Ni–B–P/SiO₂ exhibited a high AP hydrogenation conversion of approximately 99%, whereas the PE selectivity reached up to 94%, which is approximately 1.4-fold higher than that of Ni–B/SiO₂ (about 69%), thereby directly proving the unique inhibition of AP hydrogenation over hydrogenation of P in the Ni–B catalytic system. The doped P in Ni–B–P/SiO₂ enhances the oxidation resistance and maintains the valence stability of Ni and B. Furthermore, sufficient experimental data were collected to determine the kinetic parameters. Based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, we assumed that (i) AP and H₂ compete for adsorption on Ni–B–P/SiO₂; (ii) AP has strong adsorptive capacity on Ni–B–P/SiO₂; and (iii) PE coverage on the catalyst was negligible. Then, the dynamic equation was derived, which indicated that experimental data agree well with the dynamic model. Finally, the activation energy was confirmed to be 50.73 KJ/mol. This report will open up an avenue for the industrialization of amorphous alloy catalysts.     

Electrical transport in liquid Sn1-xPbx metallic alloys: a self-consistent approach

The calculations of electrical resistivity of Sn–Pb liquid metallic alloys/solutions are investigated by self-consistent approach. We employ modified empty-core pseudopotential to represent electron–ion interaction, while partial structure factors are calculated using Aschroft–Langreth scheme with hard sphere reference system. The potential parameters for elemental metals were optimised to structural data in our previous paper. Computed results for resistivity as a function of temperature and concentration are discussed with other such results. Overall good agreement confirms the applicability of the present model potential for computing the electrical properties, including thermal conductivity and thermoelectric power for liquid metallic alloys.     

TiC系钢结硬质合金镜面微浮凸磨削机理的研究

采用传统的工艺方式加工ＴｉＣ系钢结硬质合金表面难度大,表面质量不理想．采用ＥＬＩＤ磨削技术,可以用ＣＢＮ微粉磨料的铸铁基砂轮对各类钢结硬质合金进行精密、超精密镜面磨削．文中对不同加工方式加工的ＴｉＣ系钢结硬质合金表面质量状态及ＴｉＣ颗粒微浮凸形成机理进行了研究．ＥＬＩＤ技术除了可以提高加工精度外,还可以提高表面质量以及工件的可靠性和材料的使用性能．     

用电磁搅拌抑制LD10CS铝合金焊缝热裂纹的研究

通过对间歇交变纵向磁场作用下ＬＤ１０ＣＳ铝合金ＴＩＧ氦弧焊焊缝的宏观、微观组织分析,研究了电磁搅拌方法对铝合金焊缝结晶裂纹的影响规律,探讨了电磁搅拌抑制ＬＤ１０ＣＳ铝合金焊缝金属结晶裂纹的机理,并得到了试验条件下最佳的磁场参数．     

锌电解中铅银阳极的电化学行为

采用电化学测试手段,从阳极反应过程、稳态极化曲线等方面研究了在锌电解液中铅银阳极极化的行为．试验结果表明,在阳极银含量（质量分数）为０．７％～１．４％范围内,随着银含量的增加,阳极电位变负;随着电解液中锰离子浓度的升高和电解液温度的升高,阳极电位显著下降．为此,在电解锌时,应选择合适的锰离子浓度和电解液温度（３８～４０℃）．     

热压反应合成 TiAl 合金的密度及孔隙分布

采用Ｔｉ,Ａｌ混合元素粉,通过热压反应合成方法,研究了热压温度对Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ（原子数分数）致密化行为和孔隙分布的影响．结果表明：随着热压温度的升高,制备的材料致密度升高,而在１４００℃下,由于晶粒粗大,导致材料的致密度难以继续提高,冷压坯上密度的不均匀性直接影响热压坯中材料的孔隙分布;提高冷压坯的密度,能在一定程度上使热压坯的密度升高     

纳米钴粉的特性研究

以平常的钴盐溶液和草酸铵为原料,通过控制工艺条件、使用表面活性剂和其它添加剂,制出符合特定要求的草酸钴,进而制得纳米钴粉．用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、ＢＥＴ氮吸附、Ｘ射线衍射和还原－吸附法测可还原氧含量等手段对纳米钴粉进行表征,并进一步考察它与ＷＣ湿磨后的形貌变化和分布特征．结果表明：制出的纳米钴粉具有如下特性：分散性良好;基本呈球形;平均粒径≤４０ｎｍ;氧含量≤１．９２％（质量分数）．与ＷＣ湿磨后,这种纳米钴粉基本粘附在ＷＣ颗粒的外表．     

喷射沉积 6061/SiC_p 复合材料的组织与拉伸性能

采用多层喷射共沉积法制备了６０６１铝合金／１０％ＳｉＣ颗粒增强复合材料,对其显微组织和拉伸性能进行了研究．结果表明,沉积坯组织为细小、均匀的等轴晶,增强相颗粒分布均匀,基体与增强相颗粒间没有发生界面反应．增强相颗粒加速了沉淀相析出并明显缩短峰时效时间,沉积坯热挤压后经５ｈ时效即可达到峰时效状态,此时力学性能为：σｂ４３９ＭＰａ,σ０．２４０９ＭＰａ,δ１０．４％,Ｅ１２０ＧＰａ．