合金钢连铸坯动态凝固过程数值模拟

针对合金钢连铸坯凝固过程中存在的疏松、偏析、裂纹等问题,以现场实际连铸机为研究对象,依据200mm×200mm合金钢的连铸工艺,建立了铸坯凝固传热数学模型,确定了边界条件,初始条件,不同冷却段的表面热流,以及所研究钢种的物性参数·特别是通过把坐标系建在连铸坯之上,解决了计算整个铸坯纵断面上在不同过热度、不同拉速、不同时间、不同位置上动态凝固过程的温度场问题·模拟计算结果与实际铸机上的测试结果吻合较好,从而为调整连铸工艺参数,确定连铸坯末端电磁搅拌器安装位置及电磁参数,提高连铸坯质量找到依据·     

钨合金易碎动能穿甲弹穿甲有限元模拟与分析

研究具有不同力学特性的材料作为钨合金易碎动能穿甲弹的侵彻和破碎性能.在建立钨合金易碎动能穿甲弹有限元分析模型的基础上,运用大型动态非线性有限元分析软件MSC-Dytran模拟具有不同拉-压强度比的钨合金穿甲弹在穿透靶板时的侵彻和破碎过程.仿真结果表明,弹体的破碎及毁伤性能随其材料拉伸强度的降低而提高;弹体材料拉伸强度的提高有助于侵彻的进行.数值模拟和结果分析有助于为易碎钨合金动能穿甲弹的研制提供一定的理论参考依据.     

铝合金框架结构的弹体穿击损伤特性

针对直升机机身框架易受子弹弹击导致损伤问题,有必要开展机身铝合金框架结构的子弹穿击损伤特性研究.基于ABAQUS软件平台,采用修正后的Johnson-Cook模型,建立机身铝合金框架弹伤冲击的显示动力学模型,研究子弹弹头倾角和子弹材料等参数对铝合金框架的损伤特性影响.结果 表明:弹头倾角影响子弹穿透能力,但该影响存在临界值,到达临界值前,子弹穿透能力随着倾角的减小而增大;到达临界值后,继续减小倾角不再增大穿透能力;同时随着倾角的减小,框架的损伤面积先增大后减小,倾角为45°时损伤面积最大.子弹材料影响子弹的强度和刚度,影响子弹的穿透能力和破坏能力,计算结果表明铜质子弹的穿透能力大于钢质子弹,钢质子弹破坏能力大于铜质子弹.     

Effect of anodizing conditions on the cell morphology of anodic films on AA2024-T3 alloy

The effects of applied current density, anodizing time, and electrolyte temperature on the cell and pore morphology of anodic films and the voltage-time response obtained during galvanostatic anodizing of AA2024-T3 alloy in sulphuric acid electrolytes have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the film morphology. Sponge-like porous structure was promoted by anodizing at relatively low current density and high electrolyte temperature. In contrast, linear porous structure was favoured under the converse conditions. Intermediate conditions resulted in films containing either sequential layers of the 2 morphologies or a morphology incorporating features of the 2 types; such conditions were associated with anodizing voltages in the range 25 to 35 V. The reasons for the morphological differences are proposed to be due to interactions between film growth stresses and stresses arising from oxygen evolution on the development of the alumina cells.     

Crystal Structures and Electrochemical Properties of R1.5Ca1.5MgNi14(R=Nd,Gd and Er)Hydrogen Storage Alloys

Ca₃MgNi₁₄, Nd_1.5Ca_1.5MgNi₁₄, Gd_1.5Ca_1.5MgNi₁₄ and Er_1.5Ca_1.5MgNi₁₄ alloys were prepared by high frequency induction melting and sintering. Characterization and analysis were performed by X-ray diffraction/Rietveld full-spectrum fitting, gaseous P-C-T hydrogen storage test and electrochemical properties tests. It can be found that all alloys consist of Gd₂Co₇-type 3R phase and Ce₂Ni₇-type 2H phase. Although the hydrogen storage capacities of Nd_1.5Ca_1.5MgNi₁₄, Gd_1.5Ca_1.5MgNi₁₄ and Er_1.5Ca_1.5MgNi₁₄ decrease to some extent compared to that of Ca₃MgNi₁₄, their equilibrium pressures for absorption and desorption increase markedly. Moreover, R_1.5Ca_1.5MgNi₁₄ alloys have better cycling stabilities and high-rate discharge(HRD) properties as compared to Ca₃MgNi₁₄. The hydrogen diffusion in alloy electrodes is the main factor to influence the HRD performance.     

Optimisation of TA6V alloy surface laser texturing using an experimental design approach

Active surfaces of plastic injection moulds are nowadays textured using classical techniques (chemical etching or EDM). Replacement of these technologies by a laser technology introduces a big flexibility: absence of mechanical contact with the tool, decrease of the effluent's volume and a big machining precision, even in the case of the complex forms as injection moulds for example. This paper reports the experimental study of the surface laser texturing of TA6V alloy. The influence of the operating factors on the laser texturing process has been studied using two experimental approaches: Taguchi methodology and response surface methodology (RSM). Empirical models have been developed. They allowed us to determine a correlation between process operating factors and performance indicators, such as surface roughness and material removal rate. Results analysis shows that the laser pulse energy and frequency are the most important operating factors. Mathematical models, that have been developed, can be used for the selection of operating factors’ proper values in order to obtain the desired values of the objective functions.     

Growth characteristics of plasma electrolytic oxidation ceramic coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The aim of this work is to discuss the growth characteristics of the ceramic coatings on Ti alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique. Ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation in different electrolyte solutions under different pulse modes. The composition and the structure of the coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The amount of the dissolved titanium into the electrolytes during PEO process was measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The structure and the composition of the coatings were related to the mode of the spark discharge during PEO process. (a) Under the pulsed single-polar mode: In Na₃PO₄ solution, the spark discharge was mainly due to the breakdown of the oxide film, and the coatings prepared were porous and mainly structured by the Ti from the substrate. In K₄ZrF₆-H₃PO₄ and NaAlO₂-Na₃PO₄ solutions, the main mode of the spark discharge was the breakdown of the oxide film at the initial stage, and then changed into the breakdown of the vapor envelope, and the coatings were rough and thick, and mainly structured by the elements from the electrolyte. (b) Under the pulsed bi-polar mode in NaAlO₂-Na₃PO₄ solution, the spark discharge may be mainly due to the breakdown of the oxide film, the coatings prepared were dense in inner layer and loose in outer layer, and structured by the elements from both the substrate and the electrolyte. Besides, the ICP-AES analyses showed that the amount of the dissolved titanium in the electrolyte during PEO process was more under the breakdown of the oxide film than under the breakdown of the vapor envelope, which was consistent with the changes of the structure of the coatings. Cathode pulse in the pulsed bi-polar mode increased the amount of the dissolved titanium in the electrolyte, compared with the pulsed single-polar one.     

Improvement of the magnetic properties of low-neodymium magnets by minor addition of titanium

Rapidly solidified nanocomposite Nd₉Fe_77−xB₁₄Ti_x alloys, consisting of magnetic Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase and soft magnetic phases, were investigated. The effect of titanium addition on the structure and magnetic properties was studied. It was found that 2–4 at% Ti addition leads to substantial increase of the coercivity and maximum energy product, maintaining the remanence unchanged. The highest properties: J_r=0.81 T, _JH_c=907 kA/m, (BH)_max=99 kJ/m³, were achieved for the Nd₉Fe₇₃B₁₄Ti₄ alloy. This effect we attribute to the formation of fine and homogeneous grain structure and a change of the phase morphology in the Ti-containing alloys. The initial magnetization curve indicates a change of the coercivity mechanisms giving rise to pinning of domain walls, which is caused by reduction of the crystallite size.     

Low-temperature specific heat of Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Results of the low-temperature specific heat measurements (2–80 K) for one austenitic and three martensitic Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic alloys are presented. The alloy compositions are chosen to comprise a wide span of valence electron concentrations e/a=7.3–7.78. Debye temperature (261–345 K) is found to be an increasing function of e/a while the experimental values of the Sommerfeld coefficient (2.9–3.4 mJ/mol K²) appear to be increasing in the martensitic region only. Observation of those trends rekindles the discussion about the role of vibrational and electronic contributions to the lattice instability and transformation mechanism of studied alloys.     

Magneto-resistance above 300 K in nano-crystalline Co–Ag metastable solid solutions

A series of nano-crystalline Co_xAg_100−x solid solutions have been prepared by NaBH₄ reduction of the corresponding metal salts at room temperature in Ar gas flow. Alloys heat-treated at 600 °C in Ar/H₂ (5%) show the evolution of metastable fcc Co precipitates in Ag. Magnetic studies indicate that all the compositions are ferromagnetic with Curie temperatures >400 K. For a nominal composition of Co₆₀Ag₄₀, heat-treated at 600 °C, an effective negative magneto-resistance (MR) ratio of the order of ∼21% at 350 K, at 2 T is observed. This could arise from the influence of magnetic field on the electron–phonon scattering effects near to T_c and to the spin-mixing scattering by magnons.