In situ formation of Al2O3-SiO2-SnO2 composite ceramic coating by microarc oxidation on Al-20%Sn alloy

In situ formation of Al₂O₃-SiO₂-SnO₂ composite ceramic coating on Al-20%Sn alloy was successfully fabricated in aqueous Na₂SiO₃ electrolyte by microarc oxidation technology. The compositions, structure, mechanical and tribological properties of the composite coating were detailed studied by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, hardness tester and ball-on-disc friction tester. It is found that the species originating from the Al-20%Sn alloy substrate and the electrolyte solution both participate in reaction and contribute to the composition of the coating, which results in the generated coating firmly adherent to the substrate. The composite ceramic coating can greatly improve the microhardness and tribological property of Al-20%Sn alloy.     

Characterization and properties of ZnO1−xSx alloy films fabricated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

A series of ZnO_1−xS_x alloy films (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were grown on quartz substrates by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering of ZnS ceramic target, using oxygen and argon as working gas. X-ray diffraction measurement shows that the ZnO_1−xS_x films have wurtzite structure with (0 0 2) preferential orientation in O-rich side (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.23) and zinc blende structure with (1 1 1) preferential orientation in S-rich side (0.77 ≤ x ≤ 1). However, when the S content is in the range of 0.23 < x < 0.77, the ZnO_1−xS_x film consists of two phases of wurtzite and zinc blende or amorphous ZnO_1−xS_x phase. The band gap energy of the films shows non-linear dependence on the S content, with an optical bowing parameter of about 2.9 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) measurement reveals that the PL spectrum of the wurtzite ZnO_1−xS_x is dominated by visible band and its PL intensity and intensity ratio of UV to visible band decrease greatly compared with undoped ZnO. All as-grown ZnO_1−xS_x films behave insulating, but show n-type conductivity for w-ZnO_1−xS_x and maintain insulating properties for β-ZnO_1−xS_x after annealed. Mechanisms of effects of S on optical and electrical properties of the ZnO_1−xS_x alloy are discussed in the present work.     

Ni-P alloy-carbon black composite films fabricated by electrodeposition

Ni-P alloy-carbon black (CB) composite films were fabricated by electroplating and their microstructures and properties were examined. The CB and phosphorus contents of the composite films were also investigated. The CB particles were found to be embedded in the Ni-P alloy matrix. The CB content in the deposits increased, reached a maximum value of 0.77 mass% with increasing CB concentration in the bath up to 10 g dm⁻³, and then decreased with a further increase in the CB concentration in the bath. Both before and after heat treatment, the composite films had higher hardnesses and lower friction coefficients than the Ni-P alloy films. Both before and after heat treatment, the friction coefficient of 0.77 mass% CB composite films was about half that of Ni-P alloy films without CB.     

Laser gas-assisted processing of carbon coated and TiC embedded Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface

Laser gas-assisted treatment of Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface is carried out. The alloy surface is initially coated by a carbon layer, in which the TiC particles are embedded prior to laser processing of the surface. The carbon coating with the presence of TiC particles on the workpiece surface is expected to result in carbonitride compound in the surface vicinity after the laser treatment process. Optical and scanning electron microscopes are used to examine the morphological and the metallurgical changes in the laser treated layer. The residual stress formed in the surface region after the laser treatment process is critical for the practical applications of the resulting surface. Therefore, the residual stress formed in the laser treated region is predicted from the analytically equation. The X-ray diffraction technique is incorporated to obtain the residual stress formed in the surface region. It is found that the residual stress predicted agrees with the X-ray diffraction data. The dense structures consisting of TiC_xN_1−x, TiN_x, Ti₂N, and TiC compounds are formed in the surface region of the treated layer. This, in turn, significantly increases the microhardness at the surface.     

Fe-C合金动态拉伸力学性能温度和应变率效应分子动力学

爆炸冲击荷载作用下温度和应变率对钢材动态力学性能的影响一直备受关注。Fe-C合金体系是钢材的基本组成部分,本文以Fe-C合金为基本研究对象,采用分子动力学方法模拟九种温度和四种应变率条件下Fe-C合金的单轴动态拉伸过程。结果表明：在所研究的温度和应变率范围内,Fe-C合金弹性模量对于应变率变化不敏感,对于温度变化非常敏感,随着温度的升高,弹性模量明显减小;相同温度条件下,屈服强度和峰值应变随应变率的增大而增大;相同应变率条件下,屈服强度和峰值应变随温度的升高而减小;温度和应变率对屈服强度的影响不具有相关性。基于分子动力学模拟,建立的纳米尺度下Fe-C合金动态拉伸力学性能计算公式能反映温度和应变率效应的共同影响,为钢材在爆炸冲击作用下动态拉伸力学性能描述提供依据。     

基于NiTi形状记忆合金板条的恒力元件的设计研究

目的 针对NiTi形状记忆合金恒力特性应用的普遍性设计需求,得到一种具有普遍意义的NiTi合金恒力输出机构的设计规律。方法 基于有限元分析软件ANSYS仿真结论,通过优化总结得到一种NiTi合金压缩状态下产生恒力现象的几何结构的设计公式。结果 根据恒力元件设计公式得出的恒力机构能够实现压力恒定性。 结论 此结论对不同的NiTi形状记忆合金恒力元件设计具有普遍的意义,为今后各种恒力元件的设计提供了依据。     

5A06铝合金交叉筋壁板激光诱导自由成形扭曲现象研究

针对交叉筋壁板激光成形后的整体扭曲变形现象,采用相应的校正方法对板材进行了校正,并利用有限元分析进行了研究。研究表明交叉筋壁板激光成形后出现的整体扭曲现象是由板材中部加强筋侧倾失稳造成的,提出板材扫描线不同部位协同变形为成形的关键并提出了协同变形扫描方式。针对协同变形扫描方式消除板材整体扭曲变形的现象进行了有限元分析,结果显示采用协同变形扫描方式后板材中部蒙皮所受到的约束减小,产生的拉应力减小,从而减小了对中部加强筋的压缩,消除了中部筋的侧倾失稳,最终避免了交叉筋壁板激光成形后的整体扭曲现象。     

液相线保温法低合金钢半固态组织的形成机理

采用液相线保温法制备了低合金钢ZG25MnCrNiMo半固态熔体,获得了晶粒细小、圆整、均匀的半固态组织.研究了该组织的形成过程和形成机理,掌握了保温温度和保温时间对组织形态以及晶粒尺寸的影响规律.结果表明,在液相线温度1 510℃保温时,熔体内易形成大量准固相原子团簇并发展为游离晶均匀分布在熔体内,它们能在凝固时显著细化、匀化晶粒,使水淬组织细小、均匀.在空冷条件下,这种细化机制仍起作用,使液相线温度保温后的空冷组织比常规铸造浇铸温度下的空冷组织显著细小.由于中频感应炉的电磁搅拌作用,在液相线短时保温就可孕育出相当数目的游离晶,并能在随后的保温过程中维持游离晶的形态和数目.在保温5～50 min的时间范围内,液相线温度下不同保温时间的水淬组织没有显著变化,短时保温与长时保温的效果相当.     

纯余能原理在杆系大变形中的应用

将高玉臣提出的弹性大变形的纯余能原理(即只含有未知的内力分量)用于杆件系统的内力计算.在杆系变形后的位置建立平衡方程,根据节点的平衡条件,将杆系中的某几个未知力用其余未知力表示,此时应用余能原理无需考虑各杆在相邻边界上的力平衡条件,将有条件驻值转化为无条件驻值问题.在算例中假设各杆变形量与内力呈线性关系,即只考虑几何大变形,将算例所得结果与理论值对比可知二者非常接近,故将纯余能原理用于杆系大变形的计算是切实可行的.     

Optical properties and g factors of GaAs quantum rods

The Hamiltonian of the zinc-blende quantum rods in the framework of eight-band effective-mass approximation in the presence of external homogeneous magnetic field is given. The electronic structure, optical properties and electron g factors of GaAs quantum rods are investigated. We found that the electron g factors are very sensitively dependent on the dimensions of the quantum rods. As some of the three dimensions increase, the electron g factors decrease. The more the dimensions increase, the more the electron g factors decrease. The dimensions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field affect the electron g factors more than the other dimension.