2株溶藻菌培养条件优化及溶藻特性研究

对分离自山东黄岛和江苏太湖两处富营养化池塘中的2株溶藻细菌的培养条件进行了优化,探究了2菌株对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制作用.实验结果显示,2菌株可通过凝聚藻体细胞、裂解微藻细胞体以及胞外分泌活性物质产生生物降解作用,对铜绿微囊藻产生杀灭效果,且分泌的胞外活性物质对铜绿微囊藻的杀灭作用具有特异性.     

一株苯胺蓝降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

从河水中驯化、筛选、分离得到一株对染料苯胺蓝有降解能力的菌株WZR-B,该菌能以苯胺蓝为唯一碳源、能源生长.通过对菌株WZR-B的形态特征、生理生化,以及16Sr DNA序列分析,初步鉴定为铜绿假单孢菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).研究苯胺蓝的质量浓度、pH值和温度等因素对该菌株生长,以及对降解苯胺蓝的影响.结果表明,菌株生长和脱色的最适pH值为6.5,最适合温度为30℃,苯胺蓝的最适脱色质量浓度为200 mg·L-1.此外,总有机碳(TOC)残留量测定结果表明,该菌株对苯胺蓝的脱色率可达83%,TOC去除率为80%以上,不仅能对苯胺蓝脱色,而且还能进行矿化降解.     

不同氮磷质量浓度对鳗池优势藻生长的影响

以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、四尾栅藻(Scendesmus quadricauda)4种鳗池常见优势藻为实验对象,研究不同N、P质量浓度对4种藻生长的影响.结果表明:铜绿微囊藻和水华微囊藻最适生长的N、P质量浓度范围分别为150～350mg/L和0.005～5mg/L,小球藻的最适N、P质量浓度范围分别为25～250mg/L和75～100mg/L,四尾栅藻的最佳N、P质量浓度范围分别为25～150mg/L和50～100mg/L.从实验结果来看,蓝藻和绿藻对N、P的需求差异较大.     

北京地区2008～2011年实验动物绿脓杆菌检测结果与分析

目的了解SPF级实验动物中绿脓杆菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA）感染现状和规律,为防止绿脓杆菌感染提供依据。方法参照国家标准,对SPF级小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠和兔进行检测。结果在2008～2011年中检测的SPF级动物中,PA感染的阳性率为8.9%（267/2988）;不同动物感染率无显著差异;不同时间（不同年份和不同季度）PA阳性检出率无显著差异;其中,免疫缺陷动物的PA阳性检出率为32.5%明显高于免疫功能正常动物的7.6%;PA检出率随着送检单位和动物数量的增加逐年升高;不同动物群体间感染率相当,且保持稳定。结论北京地区SPF级实验动物中PA检出率较高,应加强管理。     

太湖水体中藻蓝蛋白的紫外-可见吸收光谱特征分析

以藻蓝蛋白标准品和室内培养的铜绿微囊藻、鱼腥藻为参照,于2011年春、夏、秋三季在太湖采集75个水样,分析太湖水体中藻蓝蛋白的紫外-可见吸收光谱特征,及其与标准品、单一藻种光谱特征的区别和联系。结果表明：太湖水体中藻蓝蛋白的吸收光谱形态可根据500～700 nm的吸收峰个数划分为无峰型、单峰型和双峰型三类。无峰型光谱在500～700 nm间变化平缓,620 nm附近无藻蓝蛋白的特征吸收峰出现。根据300～450 nm的吸收差异,无峰型可划分为无峰Ⅰ和无峰Ⅱ两个亚类。峰型Ⅰ仅在260 nm附近出现吸收峰,250～800 nm的谱型更接近于有色可溶性有机物(CDOM);峰型Ⅱ在260和330 nm处均有吸收峰出现。单峰型光谱在620 nm的藻蓝蛋白特征吸收峰明显,受藻种差异和提取纯度的影响,其在250～300,300～450和500～700 nm的吸收峰出现位置和峰值比与标准品、单一藻种不同。双峰型光谱在620和670 nm附近各具一个吸收峰,同时在350～450 nm出现吸收肩,兼具藻蓝蛋白和叶绿素复合蛋白的吸收特征。     

A LecA Ligand Identified from a Galactoside‐Conjugate Array Inhibits Host Cell Invasion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Lectin LecA is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in lung injury, mortality, and cellular invasion. Ligands competing with human glycoconjugates for LecA binding are thus promising candidates to counteract P. aeruginosa infections. We have identified a novel divalent ligand from a focused galactoside(Gal)‐conjugate array which binds to LecA with very high affinity (K_d=82 nM ). Crystal structures of LecA complexed with the ligand together with modeling studies confirmed its ability to chelate two binding sites of LecA. The ligand lowers cellular invasiveness of P. aeruginosa up to 90 % when applied in the range of 0.05–5 μM . Hence, this ligand might lead to the development of drugs against P. aeruginosa infection.     

绿脓杆菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa BTE-1直接电催化特征

本文研究厌氧条件下产电绿脓杆菌P. aeruginosa BTE-1的电化学催化特征。研究结果表明,P. aeruginosa BTE-1菌株在厌氧条件下,不能分泌可充当电子介体的绿脓菌素,但可通过在电极表面形成生物膜呈现了直接电催化性能。P. aeruginosa BTE-1在电极表面形成生物膜与其在特定电极电位下向电极传递电子的过程直接相关,适宜的电位为+0.2 V (vs. SCE),电位过高可能会损害P. aeruginosa BTE-1细胞。室温范围内升高温度可增强P. aeruginosa BTE-1生物膜电催化活性,但过高的温度(>60℃)会抑制生物膜电催化活性。循环伏安曲线显示,在厌氧条件下形成的P. aeruginosa BTE-1生物膜,具有与典型产电菌株G. sulfurreducens相近的氧化还原电位(-0.4 V~ -0.2 V vs. SCE)。P. aeruginosa BTE-1生物膜可电催化酵母抽取物和葡萄糖,但不能电催化醋酸盐。     

垃圾填埋场渗沥液对部分淡水藻类的作用

报道了上海市老港垃圾填埋场2001年12月31日排放的渗沥液对铜绿微囊藻、斜生栅藻和蛋白核小球藻的生长、叶绿素a含量、细胞大小的影响。渗沥液影响藻类细胞的大小。渗沥液对铜绿微囊藻生长影响作用大于斜生栅藻和蛋白核小球藻。未处理的渗沥液比处理后的渗沥液对藻类影响作用大。     

A miniature insertion element transposable in Microcystis sp. FACHB 854

A 186-bp sequence with imperfect terminal inverted repeats and target direct repeats but without any transposase-encoding capacity was found to be transposable in an isolate derived from Microcystis sp. FACHB 854. This miniature insertion element, designated as ISM854-1, and with its homologues present at least 10 copies in the genome of Microcystis FACHB 854, is inserted into the 8-bp long and AT-rich target sequences, but none or few in other Microcystis strains. A variant of ISM854-1, denoted ISM854-1A, has perfect inverted repeat sequences and may transpose in pairs in a structure like a composite transposon. This is the first report of non-autonomous transposition of a mini-IS in a cyanobacterium.     

An insight into antimicrobial activity of the freshwater bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica

The antimicrobial activity of five crude extracts of the freshwater bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy, 1851) was evaluated in vitro for the first time. P. magnifica acetone extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) 0.004–0.350 mg/mL and MBC 0.007–0.500 mg/mL), while its methanol extract showed the most promising antifungal activity (MIC 0.03–0.12 mg/mL and MFC 0.06–0.25 mg/mL). Furthermore, at a concentration of 0.25 MIC, the methanol extract reduced biofilm formation of the bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in a considerable extent (59.14%). FTIR spectra of the most active extracts indicate the presence of carbonyl compounds, long-chain alcohols and/or sterols. According to the experimental data obtained, P. magnifica methanol extract may be considered as a good resource of novel natural products with potent antibiofilm activity against the bacterium well known for its resistance.