孤对电子与赤道取向——sp3d杂化轨道中电子对排列的一种有趣现象

揭示了一种有趣的分子结构现象：在ABn型多原子分子或离子结构中,若中心原子A的轨道杂化方式为sp3d,且价层有孤电子对时,孤电子对总是呈三角双锥的赤道取向;若分子中A、B原子间有重键时,B原子也总是呈赤道取向。探讨了这一现象的内在原因,并通过归纳法论证了这一规律。     

Evaluation of Phoma sp. Biomass as an Endophytic Fungus for Synthesis of Extracellular Gold Nanoparticles with Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties

The aim of our study was to examine the different concentrations of AuNPs as a new antimicrobial substance to control the pathogenic activity. The extracellular synthesis of AuNPs performed by using Phoma sp. as an endophytic fungus. Endophytic fungus was isolated from vascular tissue of peach trees (Prunus persica) from Baft, located in Kerman province, Iran. The UltraViolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis spectroscopy) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided the absorbance peak at 526 nm, while the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images released the formation of spherical AuNPs with sizes in the range of 10–100 nm. The findings of inhibition zone test of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed a desirable antifungal and antibacterial activity against phytopathogens including Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA (AG1-IA has been identified as the dominant anastomosis group) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The highest inhibition level against sclerotia formation was 93% for AuNPs at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Application of endophytic fungus biomass for synthesis of AuNPs is relatively inexpensive, single step and environmentally friendly. In vitro study of the antifungal activity of AuNPs at concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/mL was conducted against rice fungal pathogen R. solani to reduce sclerotia formation. The experimental data revealed that the Inhibition rate (RH) for sclerotia formation was (15, 33, 74 and 93%), respectively, for their corresponding AuNPs concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/mL). Our findings obviously indicated that the RH strongly depend on AuNPs rates, and enhance upon an increase in AuNPs rates. The application of endophytic fungi biomass for green synthesis is our future goal.     

Three New Chromone Derivatives Produced by Phomopsis sp. HNY29‐2B from Acanthus ilicifolius Linn.

Three new chromone derivatives, phomochromenones A‐C ( 1–3 ), and one known chaetocyclinone B ( 4 ) were obtained from the cultures of Phomopsis sp. HNY29‐2B isolated from the mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius Linn., which was collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were determined by the analysis of ¹D NMR and ²D NMR as well as mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned by quantum chemical calculations of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD ) spectra. Compound 3 is the third example of alkaloids possessing the unique chromeno [3,2‐c ] pyridine nucleus. In the bioactivity assay, compound 4 showed cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer cell lines (PC ‐3 and DU145 cells) with the IC₅₀ values of 8.13 and 3.59 µmol/L, respectively.     

Approximate expressions and the relationship between pyramidalization (out‐of‐plane deformation) characteristics of trigonal centers

Fairly accurate approximate expressions for commonly used characteristics of non‐planarity of trigonal sp²‐hybridized centers are reported. It is shown that the behavior of all these parameters as a function of bond angles (α, β, γ) is determined primarily by the square‐root of the difference [360° ? (α + β + γ)]. This quantity is proposed as a new versatile measure of pyramidalization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

NTG对侧耳的诱变效应

采用正交试验设计以菌落直径为指标研究了NTG对侧耳8405的诱变效应.实验结果表明:当NTG的最终浓度为300μg/mL,处理前孢子先培养14h,于24℃黑暗条件下处理40min时,突变率和正变率高,变异幅度大.     

假单胞菌DM11的二氯甲烷脱卤素酶研究──Ⅱ．动力学性质和抑制剂

对来自假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．）ＤＭ１１菌株的二氯甲烷脱卤素酶（简称ＤＭ１１脱卤素酶）的动力学性质和抑制剂进行了研究。用１／Ｖ对１／［ｓ］作图法，测出ＤＭ１１脱卤素酶以ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２、ＣＨ２Ｂｒ２、ＣＨ２Ｉ２、ＣｌＣＨ２Ｂｒ和ＣｌＣＨ２Ｉ等５种化合物为底物时的Ｋｍ值分别是６７、２０、５５、７和９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，比活力分别是７７．８、１２３．３、７８．８、５６．１和６０．３ｍｋａｔ／ｋｇ蛋白。测定了１４种抑制剂对ＤＭ１１脱卤素酶的５０％抑制浓度（Ｉ５０）。甲基谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＣＨ３）是ＤＭ１１脱卤素酶的竞争性抑制剂，四硝基甲烷（ＴＮＭ）是非竞争性抑制剂，当甲基谷胱甘肽和四硝基甲烷与ＤＭ１１脱卤素酶一起保温时，甲基谷胱甘肽对酶有保护作用。     

一种游仆虫无性生殖周期中大核及其DNA含量的变化

应用光学显微镜、显微光度计和定量细胞化学技术研究了一种游仆虫无性生殖周期中大核及其 DNA 含量的变化特征,获得如下结果:(1)游仆虫细胞周期分成 G_1期、S 期和 D 期,各个时期在整个细胞周期中所占的时间速率分别为36%、59%和5%。(2)游仆虫细胞周期中,G_1期大核迅速增大,但此时大核无 DNA 合成现象,DNA 分布密度随大核增大而降低;S 期大核前期增大,此后变小,大核 DNA 含量连续增加,大核 DNA 分布密度也随着增高。8期结束后,大核 DNA 含量相当于 G_1大核的两倍;D期大核又显著增大,DNA 分布密度稍高于 G_1期大核的水平。(3)由游仆虫孚尔根反应大核的形态,大核 DNA 三维吸收图像和显微光度术定量分析数据表明,游仆虫大核 DNA 含量的变化仅发生在 S 期,S 期大核中 DNA 合成与大核改组带相联系。     

产酸克雷伯氏菌的吸附固定及其产氢研究

利用曲霉(Aspergillussp.XF101)所形成的菌丝球吸附产氢细菌产酸克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella oxytocaHP1),当曲霉培养时间为50 h,菌丝球直径为1.3~1.8 mm,菌悬液pH值为5.0~6.0,吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间为1.5 h时,可获得最佳吸附效果,吸附率可达99%以上.利用菌丝球固定产氢菌可进行连续产氢,其最大产氢速率为18 mmol/L.h,平均产氢速率为1.7 mmol/L.h,持续产氢时间为15 d.     

海洋真菌杀虫活性的初步研究

对采集自浙江舟山海域底泥、福建省九龙江口红树林及福建省云霄县红树林共188株海洋真菌代谢产物的杀小杆线虫（Rhabditis sp．）和卤虫（brineshrimp）活性进行初步研究．筛选出#164菌株代谢产物对小杆线虫显示了较好的杀害活性，其LC90小于0．5mg／mL．#122菌株代谢产物对卤虫显示了较强的麻痹效应．#305菌株代谢产物对卤虫的LG。仅为75μg／mL．此外，对188株海洋真菌代谢产物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性进行研究．筛选出#229菌株代谢产物和#170菌株代谢产物具有较强的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,IC50分别为30／μg／mL和25／μg／mL．这些活性菌株具有产生杀线虫剂或乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的特性．