Treatment of dairy wastewater using a selected bacterial isolate, Alcaligenes sp. MMRR7

Physicochemical and biologic analysis of dairy wastewater showed that the effluent had a high organic load (chemical oxygen demand [COD]: 5095 mg/L), an acidic pH (6.4), and a high probability of coliforms (most probable number [MPN]>1100). The various bacterial strains isolated and purified were identified as Sporolactobacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Proteus sp., as per the Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Among the five selected bacterial strains, the strain designated as MMRR₇ and identified as Alcaligenes sp. was found to give a maximum reduction in COD (62%) in 5 d of incubation. Chemical coagulation using alum at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL was found to be effective in the primary treatment of the effluent. Studies on free-cell treatment of the coagulated effluent with the selected bacterial strain Alcaligenes sp. MMRR₇ gave a maximum COD reduction of 91% in 120 h. This study clearly indicates the possibility of using Alcaligenes sp. MMRR₇ for the effective treatment of dairy wastewater.     

Effects of fatty acids on growth and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate production in bacteria

The effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (lauric acid, palmitic acid, steric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, soybean oil) on Sphaerotilus natans, 0B17 (Pseudomonas sp.), and recombinant Escherichia coli DH5(/pUC19/CAB were studied. Oleic acid enhances Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production in these three bacterial strains, suggesting that the single double bond of the acid activates the polyhydroxylkanoate accumulation enzymatic reaction. Under the effect of lauric acid and linoleic acid, the growth of S. natans and 0B17 were totally inhibited. However, the enhanced PHB accumulation in recombinant E. coli was observed.     

Production ofL-glutamate oxidase andin situ monitoring of oxygen uptake in solid state fermentation ofstreptomyces sp. Nl

Effects of water content and carbon and nitrogen sources on the production ofL-glutamate oxidase (GOD) by solid state fermentation (SSF) ofStreptomyces sp. N₁ were investigated in a 250-mL shake flask. The results show that in the solid medium containing wheat bran 98% (w/w), KCl 0.2% (w/w), and MgCl₂ 0.2% (w/w), addition of 2.0-mL water per gram solid medium and 0.4% (w/w) (NH₄)₂SO₄ was the best for GOD production. In this work, we also developed a simple technique forin situ measuring oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) in SSF in a shake flask based on the principle of Warburg manometer. The method was successfully applied to determine OUR and CER values in SSF ofStreptomyces sp. N₁. The results indicate that the largest OUR value was detected about one or two days ahead of the highest GOD activity reached depending on the fermentation conditions, and the OUR may be used as anin situ indicator of GOD production in the SSF process.     

Antiplasmodial cembradiene diterpenoids from a Southwestern Caribbean gorgonian octocoral of the genus Eunicea

Five new representatives of the cembrane class of marine natural products have been isolated as minor metabolites from an undescribed species of Eunicea, a sea whip collected near the Colombian Southwestern Caribbean Sea. The structure of the crystalline metabolite 1 was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Structures could then be proposed for cembradienes 2-5 by comprehensive spectral analyses involving 2D NMR, IR, UV, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as well as chemical interconversion studies. Compound 1 exhibited weak cytotoxicity in the NCI 3-cell line panel human cancer screening program, whereas compounds 1, 2 and 4 displayed significant antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.     

Novel biotransformation of pentacyclic triterpenoid acids by Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646

Six pentacyclic triterpene acids, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, 23-hydroxybetulinic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, and senegenin, were metabolized by the microbe Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646 to selectively furnish their corresponding 28-methyl esters. Notably, ursolic acid (1) was converted to oleanolic acid methyl ester (4) via two intermediates, oleanolic acid (2), and ursolic acid methyl ester (3), which are formed by participation of ‘retro-biosynthetic’ methyl migration from C-19 to C-20. Senegenin (11) was selectively converted to a nortriterpene methyl ester, senegenic acid methyl ester (12), via an unprecedented C-C bond cleavage. The stereochemical assignments of compounds 11 and 12 were made unambiguously for the first time using 2D NMR spectroscopy.     

含硫化物废水在升流式填料塔中的处理及数学模拟

在升流式填料塔中,通过接种排硫硫杆菌形成稳定生物膜.在pH值和温度分别控制在 7. 0±0. 1和 30±2℃条件下,进水质量浓度分别为 85. 76, 177. 83, 269. 55和 394. 26mg/L时,改变硫化物容积负荷 (VLR)和溶解氧水平进行正交试验.研究和分析硫化物容积负荷与溶解氧共同作用下硫化物的去除规律、硫酸盐的生成规律以及单质硫的生成率,并对建立的模拟方程进行了验证.结果表明,在升流式生物填料塔内废水中的硫化物去除率能达到9500以上;应用模拟方程,对于不同的进水浓度,都能找到一个最佳的运行工况.在硫化物去除率和单质硫的生成率达到最佳时,保持反应器的最大容积负荷和最小的溶解氧.     

毛竹慢性枯萎病病原鉴定

连续3年调查发生慢性枯萎病不同发病程度的毛竹,进行了病原的分离、纯化及鉴定。结果表明,毛竹慢性枯萎病的病原菌是一种粘帚霉(Gliocladiumsp.)。该菌初生分生孢子梗轮枝状,长96~128μm,顶端轮生4~5个细瓶形小梗,轮生小梗长约19.2~24μm;次生分生孢子梗青霉状,长64~128μm,瓶梗大小(4.0~4.8)μm×(6.4~9.6)μm;分生孢子大小(2.4~6.2)μm×(1.9~3.2)μm。     

口服转胸腺素α1基因聚球藻对小鼠T细胞亚群作用的研究

为探讨口服后转胸腺α1(Tα1)基因聚球藻对T细胞亚群的作用,将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、野生藻组、转化藻(小剂量、中剂量和大剂量)组和日达仙组,用灌服的方式,给予空白对照组20mL·kg~(-1)的生理盐水,野生藻组0.4g·kg~(-1)的野生聚球藻;转化藻小、中、大剂量组,分别0.2g·kg~(-1)、0.4g·kg~(-1)和0.6g·kg~(-1)的转Tα1基因聚球藻;日达仙组则肌注给予3.2mg·kg~(-1)的胸腺素α1(日达仙)。结果表明转Tα1基因藻口服后可显著提高CD3亚群水平,显著提高CD4亚群水平,明显提高CD4/CD8的比值。提示转Tα1基因聚球藻具有增强机体免疫功能的作用。     

泥土芽孢杆菌YMTC1049菌株高温蛋白酶产酶条件的优化

 报道高温蛋白酶产生菌YMTC1049(Geobacillus sp.)产酶条件的优化过程.在基础培养基中分别添加葡萄糖、麦芽糖、酵母提取物、蛋白胨、胰蛋白胨、酪蛋白、聚胨等7种营养成分,获得对酶活影响较大的碳、氮源.用多因素正交试验设计考察了pH、酪蛋白、葡萄糖和温度对酶活的影响水平,菌株在优化发酵条件下培养24h时,上清液蛋白酶活力达312U/(mL·min).     

产氢红杆菌类胡萝卜素代谢研究

在不损伤细胞条件下,采用分光光度法探求了产氢红杆菌(Rhod obacter sp.)R 7菌株光合色素合成规律,研究了供氢体、氮源和生长因子对R 7菌株细胞生长、类胡萝卜素表达和合成量的影响.结果表明,光合色素的合成具有时序性,R 7菌株首先合成可吸收近红外光的细菌叶绿素,而370 nm和590 nm组分的细菌叶绿素的合成则晚于类胡萝卜素,426 nm类胡萝卜素含量的变化引起捕光色素复合体和光反应中心复合体比率的改变.与乙酸钠相比,苹果酸钠只在生长初期对细胞生长有促进作用,但最终细胞生物量无明显差异.在乙酸钠体系中,分别用酵母提取物和谷氨酸钠替代生物素和硫酸铵后可使细胞生物量提高37.9%和20.4%.乙酸钠供氢体可诱导细胞进行球形烯和球状菌素类胡萝卜素代谢,苹果酸钠和谷氨酸钠有利于426 nm类胡萝卜素组分的产生,但不利于450 nm类胡萝卜素组分的积累,苹果酸钠还可诱导产生556 nm类胡萝卜素新组分.酵母提取物可显著提高类胡萝卜素产量,并改变了类胡萝卜素合成途径.