Determination of acidic chlorinated pesticides in water: Comparison of official EPA method 515.1 and liquid-solid extraction HPLC/UV and HPLC/PBMS analyses

Summary A comparison of the official EPA method 515.1 for determination of chlorinated acidic pesticides and a modification of it is illustrated. Extraction of the analytes from water and their determination and quantitation is by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD), liquid chromatography-UV detection and liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry. Although HPLC-PBMS was found to be less sensitive than the GC-ECD method, it was, nevertheless, more sensitive than HPLC-UV. The modified method is simpler, quicker and allows more accurate determination of pesticides in aqueous samples.Deceased July 31, 1996     

A method for correcting the contact angle from the θ/2 method

The θ/2 method, a widely used technique on measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop, assumes that the drop profile is part of a sphere. However, the shape profile of a sessile drop is governed by the Young–Laplace equation and is different from a sphere, especially for drops with a large bound number (e.g. large volume or small surface tension). The spherical assumption, therefore, causes errors on evaluating the contact angles. The deviation of contact angle from the θ/2 method is evaluated from a theoretical calculation in this work. A simple means is given for correcting the measurement error. The corrected angle results from the drop volume, surface tension, liquid density and the contact angle from θ/2 method. An algorithm for finding the correct contact angle without knowing the density and surface tension is also given. At the end, two examples of pendant drops are given for the illustration.     

STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF POLYMER CHAINS FOR NECKING FORMATION IN HIGH-SPEED FIBER SPINNING PROCESS

Finite element method is used to simulate the high-speed melt spinning process,based on the equation system proposed by Doufas et al.Calculation predicts a neck-like deformation,as well as the related profiles of velocity,diameter, temperature,chain orientation,and crystallinity in the fiber spinning process.Considering combined effects on the process such as flow-induced crystallization,viscoelasticity,filament cooling,air drag,inertia,surface tension and gravity,the simulated material flow behaviors are consistent with those observed for semi-crystalline polymers under various spinning conditions.The structure change of polymer coils in the necking region described by the evolution of conformation tensor is also investigated.Based on the relaxation mechanism of macromolecules in flow field different types of morphology change of polymer chains before and in the neck are proposed,giving a complete prospect of structure evolution and crystallization of semi-crystalline polymer in the high speed fiber spinning process.     

Validation of a screening method for the simultaneous identification of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins (A,E, B<Subscript>1</Subscript>, B<Subscript>2</Subscript> and B<Subscript>6</Subscript>) in an aqueous micellar medium of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride

Simultaneous determination of the fat-soluble vitamins A and E and the water-soluble vitamins B₁, B₂ and B₆ has been carried using a screening method from fluorescence contour graphs. These graphs show different colour zones in relation to the fluorescence intensity measured for the pair of excitation/emission wavelengths. The identification of the corresponding excitation/emission wavelength zones allows the detection of different vitamins in an aqueous medium regardless of the fat or water solubility of each vitamin, owing to the presence of a surfactant which forms micelles in water at the used concentration (over the critical micelle concentration). The micelles dissolve very water insoluble compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, inside the aggregates. This approach avoids the use of organic solvents in determining these vitamins and offers the possibility of analysing fat- and water-soluble vitamins simultaneously. The method has been validated in terms of detection limit, cut-off limit, sensitivity, number of false positives, number of false negatives and uncertainty range. The detection limit is about g L^–1. The screening method was applied to different samples such as pharmaceuticals, juices and isotonic drinks.     

微波－气相－热压法分解高纯铂的研究

本文研究了微波气相热压法新技术分解高纯铂在密闭的聚四氟乙烯高压罐中，以微波瞬间加热混合酸产生的高压、纯净蒸气分解金属铂，此法避免了酸中杂质的沾污以制备供高纯铂分析的试液，提高了痕量杂质分析的准确度和降低检测限     

Investigation of the limitations of saturated fractional factorial experimental designs,with confounding effects for an HPLC ruggedness test

Summary Recently much attention has been directed to the validation of analytical methods. The level of validation will depend on the method application. If a method is developed for general use, for instance by different analysts, instruments or laboratories, then the effect of these changes need evaluation. This is normally referred to as ruggedness testing, where the limitations of the method to changes in the specified conditions are examined.This paper examines the use of Plackett-Burman fractional factorial experiment designs for ruggedness testing in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ability of these designs to identify confounding effects is applied to the stability indicating analysis of Salbutamol and its major degradation product, AH4045. The results show that confounding effects, proving extremely pertinent to HPLC, can be identified.The assay proved rugged to most tested changes although not to the use of column packing material from different manufacturers.     

日语情境教学的理论及其应用

该文介绍了建构主义、情境学习理论、语言学理论等情境教学理论,提出在高职日语教学中运用情境教学的方法,从而提高日语教学的效率。并结合作者的实践提出了相应的建议。     

低地应力区地下洞室开挖后围岩应力数值模拟

以西北地区某水利工程地下洞室工程为例,采用弹塑性二维有限元法对低地应力区地下洞室围岩开挖后围岩应力进行了数值模拟研究,模拟出了低地应力区地下洞室围岩开挖后围岩应力值及其分布规律.结果表明,低地应力区地下洞室开挖后洞室围岩形成应力集中现象,侧壁位置处产生的压应力值大于洞顶位置压应力值,且洞顶产生拉应力.该研究成果将有助于进一步研究低地应力区地下洞室围岩变形破坏机理及其稳定性,对保障地下洞室工程的圆满进行具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.     

矩量法结合渐近波形估计分析对数周期天线

应用渐近波形估计技术与矩量法相结合,分析了一种对数周期天线的电气特性。采用这种方法可以在很宽的频带中只取少量频点利用矩量法计算,再在整个频带进行Pade逼近就可获得天线的频率特性。从而节省了分析电磁问题时的计算时间和内存要求。采用这个方法与矩量法算出的结果进行了比较,它们之间良好的一致说明了本方法的正确性和有效性。     

用Delphi 6开发基于CORBA的分布式应用程序

Delphi 6提供了分布式应用系统开发的支持.Delphi 6的集成开发环境大大简化了分布式应用系统的建立,可以帮助开发人员生成多层应用系统必须的代码文件,开发人员只需添加需要的事务逻辑到生成的代码中.简要介绍了怎样通过使用CORBA,利用Delphi 6开发分布式应用程序.