多功能脱氧核酶用于生物医学分析的研究进展

脱氧核酶(DNAzymes)是一类人工合成的通过指数富集式配体系统进化技术(SELEX)筛选得到的具有催化功能的单链DNA分子. 由于DNAzyme具有易于合成和修饰、 化学结构稳定及催化活性高等优点, 近年来在生物传感和医学诊断领域备受关注. 对DNAzyme的活性进行调控是挖掘其多方面应用潜能的关键, 灵活的活性调控方式将促进DNAzyme在不同领域的应用. 本文综合评述了一些调控脱氧核酶活性的主要方法, 并对其在生物医学分析领域方面的应用进行了简要介绍.     

基于金属有机骨架的纳米酶及其应用研究进展

金属有机骨架（MOFs）具有大量的活性位点,且其框架结构可以保护其中包裹的天然酶不被破坏,从而具有模拟天然酶的性质。因此,基于MOF的纳米酶被认为具有良好的发展潜力。MOF基纳米酶分为四大类：分别是单纯MOFs、改性MOFs、与天然酶复合的MOFs以及MOF衍生物。种类的多样性同时也造就了制备、性能以及应用的多样性,这些内容在此综述中将被详细阐述。     

高效医学传感钙钛矿材料研究进展

卤化物钙钛矿材料作为一种新型半导体材料，具有优异的光电转换特性、能级结构可调、易于加工、结构和尺寸以及形貌可调、改性后优异的生物相容性等优点，在医学检测传感器中具有广阔的应用前景。本综述讨论了钙钛矿材料在生物医学传感领域的研究进展，钙钛矿医学传感器能通过光电转换、全光转换、电催化等多种物理或化学机制实现传感，具有可灵活选择的器件结构、性能指标和信号传递方式，用于人体代谢物质、神经递质、癌症相关物质和药物等医学物质的检测。钙钛矿医学传感器将为未来的医工多学科融合提供新希望，加快医工融合发展。     

Bibliometric analysis and an overview of the application of the non-precious materials for pyrolysis reaction of plastic waste

Huge plastic consumption and depletion of fossil fuels are at the top of the world's environmental and energy challenges. The scientific community has tackled these issues through different approaches. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes to valuable products has been proved as a sustainable route which fits with the circular economy aspects. The design of catalytic materials is the central factor for performing the catalytic conversion of plastic wastes. This review aims to conduct a Bibliometric analysis of the pyrolysis of plastic wastes and non-precious-based catalysts by mapping research studies over the last fifty years. The analysis was developed via VOSviewer and RStudio tools. It showed the historical progress regarding plastic waste pyrolysis to produce valuable products and chemicals worldwide. The research shows that the top five countries with the highest citations and publications in this field were Spain, China, England, the USA and India. The Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis had the most comprehensive coverage of plastic waste. The relationship between the catalyst and the mechanism of plastic waste can influence the production yield and selectivity. The research gap and underrepresented research topics were identified, and previous research studies on developing non-precious-based catalysts that were most relevant to the current topic were reviewed and discussed. The challenges and perspectives on catalyst preparation and development for material complexity were critically discussed. Challenges of previous studies and directions for future research were provided. This report might guide the reader to take a general look at plastic waste valorization by pyrolysis and easily understand the main challenges.     

Green economy and waste management: An inevitable plan for materials science

Covid is giving us many lessons among which one must be to realize that this is the time to act for sustainable future. The smart world around us has made it inevitable to have an alarming situation regarding the uncontrolled growth of waste products such as plastic and electronic wastes. Both are immense threats to the health of human, wildlife and environment, that eventually affect the societal and economic structures as evident from recent Covid-crisis. The proper management of these wastes and innovating ideas for new sustainable technologies are the need of the hour. Circular economy act with green technology (green economy) is the way to tackle this challenge. Current perspective presents the overview of the scenario regarding these burgeoning issues and demonstrates some measures that are taken or being considered to depend on to come out of them.     

中国医学伦理委员会委员的伦理认知分析

 基于2020年中国医学科学院发起的一项对全国11164名医学科研人员的随机抽样调查数据，分析其中960位各伦理委员会委员的伦理认知情况、认知途径及相关影响因素。研究显示：（1）伦理委员中拥有博士学位、正高职称、海外经历的比例均超过7成，对医学文件了解3项及以上的占90.8%，不同单位类型的伦理委员对医学伦理文件的了解有统计学差异（χ²=39.60，P<0.01）；（2）对科研伦理规范了解的占95.2%，对科研伦理四大基本原则比较熟悉的占98.4%，男性和女性之间（χ²=5.75，P=0.05）、不同单位类型（χ²=12.87，P<0.05）之间差异有统计学意义；对涉及人的生物医学研究伦理审查了解的占90.0%，是否有海外经历（χ²=3.93，P<0.05）和不同单位类型（χ²=32.38，P<0.01）之间差异有统计学意义；（3）伦理委员均有伦理知识获得途径，其对科研伦理规范了解程度的影响因素有年龄（OR=1.88，P<0.01）和海外经历（OR=1.80，P=0.06），对伦理审查了解程度的影响因素有年龄（OR=1.47，P<0.01）和单位类型（OR=0.69，P=0.03）；（4）伦理委员的伦理认知情况普遍好于一般医学科研人员，医疗机构更加重视伦理委员会的建设，单位组织的专门培训、科研项目组织的培训和自学是伦理委员获取伦理知识的主要途径，针对影响其伦理认知情况的影响因素进行适当干预，可以有效提高伦理委员的认知程度，全面提升伦理审查质量。     

肉鸭传染性浆膜炎防治

鸭传染性浆膜炎是由鸭疫巴氏杆菌引起的急性传染病,发病率和死亡率高,神经症状和呼吸困难为其主要临床特征。经镜检、细菌培养、荧光抗体检验确诊;以作好鸭舍清洁卫生、保温、接种鸭疫巴氏杆菌为主要预防措施;治疗以抗菌素、沙星类药物为主,配合中药,保护率达40～60%。