An airborne diode laser spectrometer for the simultaneous measurement of H2O and HNO3 content of stratospheric cirrus clouds

We describe a tunable diode laser spectrometer for the in situ simultaneous detection of the nitric acid and the water vapour by means of high resolution absorption spectroscopy on rovibronic lines, using a single laser emitting in the mid-infrared (5.8 μm) and a multipass cell. The instrument was designed to be installed on a high altitude aircraft, as a part of a composite payload for atmospheric aerosol studies. The instrument design criteria are discussed and the expected performances are compared with results of laboratory and field operation. Due to the high chemical activity of HNO₃, that makes difficult to use a reference cell, a fast sweep detection of direct absorption was used for the measurement. An absorption sensitivity of about 2×10⁻⁴ was achieved with an integration time of 2.5 s, corresponding to a concentration of about 4 ppb of HNO₃ in the cell and 0.1 ppb in the external aerosol. The data acquisition and processing techniques, based on the full molecular lineshape fitting are also shown and discussed, including some examples of the data acquired during the scientific flights.     

高精密度无损伤检测黄金首饰技术

本文提出了一种高精密度无损伤检测黄金首饰技术。通过测定黄金首饰在测量液中的浮力后计算密度再查表而得。其特征是测量液为表面张力和粘度均较小的有机溶剂或其溶液，而且在测定浮力的同时同步测定该测量液的密度或温度。本技术简便可靠，标准偏差Ｓ＝±０．００３５，Ｔ检法ｔ９０＝０．１５。精密度±０．０１％，速率１２样／小时，既快又准，易于普及推广。     

现代光学测量中若干变换基,测量链和仪器群

本文讨论了光学测量中的若干变换基,测量链和由此产生的仪器群以及它们的实际应用。     

用同轴测量线(终端短路法)测量岩石介电常数的研究

本文就使用同轴测量线装置用反射法测量岩石介电常数的一些问题进行了讨论。为了求得岩石的介电常数和耗损角,需要根据测量数据求解超越方程。文中提出三种求解超越方程的数值解法,并指出各种解法的优缺点,将这三种数值解法结合使用效果较好。文章还对测量误差进行了分析,提出了考虑测量误差的计算公式,对影响测量结果的主要因素进行了讨论,并提出了使用反射法测量岩石介电常数的适用范围。     

ICP-AES测定土壤中钡、铬和锰含量的不确定度评定

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定土壤中钡、铬和锰含量的不确定度主要来源于样品称量、样品消解液定容体积和测定样品消解液中各元素的浓度,对这些分量进行了量化计算。土壤中钡、铬和锰的质量分数可分别表示为218.5±17.1,342.5±40.4,1468.9±47.1mg/kg。影响各元素含量测量不确定度的主要因素是测量样品消解液中各元素的浓度引起的不确定度。     

氨气敏电极法测量水中氨氮影响因素浅析

氨气敏电极法是我国环保部水质氨氮自动监测的推荐方法之一,在水质快速测定和自动监测中被广泛采用。从响应时间、温度、干扰物质、pH值等方面,详细分析影响氨氮测定的因素,并提出解决方法。     

Quantum dice

In a letter to Born, Einstein wrote  [42]: “Quantum mechanics is certainly imposing. But an inner voice tells me that it is not yet the real thing. The theory says a lot, but does not really bring us any closer to the secret of the ‘old one.’ I, at any rate, am convinced that He does not throw dice.” In this paper we take seriously Einstein’s famous metaphor, and show that we can gain considerable insight into quantum mechanics by doing something as simple as rolling dice. More precisely, we show how to perform measurements on a single die, to create typical quantum interference effects, and how to connect (entangle) two identical dice, to maximally violate Bell’s inequality.     

American options under uncertain volatility

The uncertain volatility approach to financial derivatives is extended to American options (which allow early exercise before expiry). The requirement to model at the portfolio level made necessary by the non-linearity of the approach is found to lead to a recursive structure to the exercise possibilities across options. Other novel features include: the optimality sometimes of partial exercise; an interesting resolution to the issues surrounding short options whose exercise is controlled by a buyer counterparty; and the occurrence of a simple game structure for portfolios containing both long and short options. It is demonstrated that the exercise strategies resulting can significantly alter measured uncertain volatility risk. Contrary to the set of attributes for sensible risk measures put forward by Artzner, Delbaen, Eber and Heath, this risk need not be homogenous in portfolio size- forming a convincing argument for weakening this particular requirement.     

净化发动机尾气助燃系统的试验研究

为了改善发动机燃油系统性能,达到节能和净化尾气的目的,提出了在化油器和气缸之间的进油管上施加变化的电磁场的具体方案,初步分析了电磁场与油分子的相互作用,同时对实验装置安置在1．5马力的汽油机进行反复测试。其结果表明：可降低尾气中CO20％左右。