山地城市道路排放测算研究现状

为测算山地城市在坡弯地形下的排放问题,从面向排放的交通路网量化方法、车辆排放量化方法、以及耦合交通与排放的量化参数三个方面,分析国内外道路排放测算研究现状与趋势,在此基础上,结合山地城市的特殊地形对排放的影响,分析出测算山地城市道路排放的现状与缺陷：排放模型统计粒径开始细化,山地城市缺乏对应模型;缺乏交叉口实际运行状态的运行模式分布模型。     

一种交流采样相角测量的实时算法

电力系统电压与电流之间相角是电力系统实时监控中的一项重要的测量参数.为了能实时地对电力系统电压与电流之间的相角进行测量,本文提出了一种基于电压、电流交流采样值的新算法.该算法具有计算速度快、精度高等优点.     

基于光谱发射率函数基形式不变的辐射测温技术

近年来,随着国防、工业、科技等领域飞速发展,无论是对于军用动力发射系统还是对于民用钢铁冶炼以及高科技新兴产业,辐射温度测量都具有重要意义。尤其在温度极高且伴随着瞬态测温(小于1 μs)需求的场合,多光谱辐射测温法被广泛运用。多光谱辐射测温法是通过选取被测目标多个特征波长,测量特征波长的辐射信息,再假设发射率与波长相关的数学模型,最终求解得到辐射温度。目前,利用该方法实际测温时,光谱发射率都采用固定的假设数学模型,而针对目标在不同温度状态下,该固定模型则无法进行自适应变化。同样,在不同温度下,如何解算最终的发射率和辐射温度也没有普适性的方法。基于普朗克黑体辐射定律,提出一种被测目标在不同温度下光谱发射率函数基形式不变的思想,简称发射率函数基形式不变法。通过该方法,发射率模型可以根据物体在不同温度状态下,函数系数动态改变来进行自适应变化。同时对于如何解算最终的发射率和辐射温度也相应提出了普适性的方法。通过大量仿真验证以及实际测量光谱辐射照度标准灯和溴钨灯温度实验,证明本文提出的方法比现有的光谱发射率处理方法更加简单实用并且能够有效地提高光谱发射率的计算精度,从而提高辐射温度测量精度。同时具有实用性好、应用广泛等特点。     

激光传输大气参量测量精度要求的数值分析

 就激光大气传输湍流热晕相互作用下大气参量测量误差对激光传输效果（平均功率密度）的影响进行了数值分析,并以典型的激光传输条件为例,分析了对激光大气传输影响最为敏感的3个大气参量——风速、吸收系数以及湍流结构常数的测量精度要求。综合不同传输距离下大气参量测量误差对传输效果的影响,大气风速的测量精度要求为±10%,吸收系数及湍流结构常数的测量精度要求分别为±5%和±15%。     

数字相机大型复杂工件快速检测关键技术研究

为了解决大型复杂工件快速检测难题,本文对数字相机摄影测量关键技术进行了研究,实现了一套适合于大型复杂工件的现场快速测量系统。使用编码标志点实现相机姿态定位,将相机自标定技术应用于光束平差,整体的优化测量结果。通过多个相机位置外极关系解决非编码标志点的匹配与重建问题,修正了标志点厚度带来的测量误差。实验结果表明,该系统20分钟内可以完成3米×3米×0.5米的大型工件测量,与代表国际先进测试水平的系统的测试结果偏差小于0.01mm。     

Effect of pH, temperature and solvent mole ratio on solubility of disodium 5′-guanylate in water + ethanol system

Solubility of disodium 5′-guanylate in water + ethanol binary solvent mixtures was determined by a gravimetric method in the temperature range from 283.15 K to 323.15 K, pH range from 8 to 10 and at different water/ethanol mole ratios. The effects of pH, temperature and water/ethanol mole ratio on the solubility were investigated in detail. The modified Apelblat model and the combined nearly ideal binary solvent (CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister model were selected to correlate the experimental data. The results showed that the experimental data was satisfactorily correlated by the (CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister model, but for the modified Apelblat model, the correlation was not so satisfactory in some cases.     

测量结果两种表示方法的分析

在生产实践和科学实验中，处理测量数据及给出测量结果是测量时必不可少的工作。长期以来，人们一直是以误差理论为依据，用测量误差表示测量结果。现在，国际上普遍认为采用以概率论和统计学为基础的测量不确定度来说明测量结果的可信程度更为科学、合理。本文简要叙述了测量误差的概念及表示，着重介绍了测量不确定度的来源、分类及表示方法。     

水准仪i角的测量与计算

应用不同的前后视距的上、中、下三维读数，确定水准仪ｉ角的大小，以便进行校正，使其满足水准测量的要求。     

Advantages of Odd Random Phase Multisine Electrochemical Impedance Measurements

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique to study electrochemical processes and to perform screening tasks. Recently an integrated measuring and modeling methodology for EIS based on a multisine excitation signal was developed. A key issue in this methodology is the data analysis, allowing us to rapidly quantify the reliability of the measured data. In this paper, a comparison is made between classical single‐sine and the proposed multisine measurements on the same system. The fitting of the impedance data obtained by single‐or multisine excitation and using different weighting factors is also discussed. In addition to the advantages reported in earlier work, it is concluded that, of all investigated frequencies, the odd random phase multisine excitation yields the highest quality data in the shortest measurement time.     

Measurement of indoor Rn using CR-39 under a thin film geometry

In this work an assembly for indoor ²²²Rn measurement is presented. This assembly is made up of two acrylic plates (14 cm×14 cm) separated by a distance of 4 mm. To prevent radon daughters from outside entering the assembly (and produce alpha particle tracks striking the CR-39 detector placed in the central region of one of these plates), the borders of these plates were progressively closed, leaving open only a rectangular aperture of 5 mm×4 mm. The size of this opening was determined experimentally, by exposing in two indoor environments assemblies with different apertures as follows: (i) all borders open; (ii) two borders closed; (iii) three borders closed; (iv) four borders closed but one containing a 6 cm×4 mm opening; (v) four borders closed but one containing a 2.5 cm×4 mm opening and (vi) four borders closed but one containing a 0.5 cm×4 mm opening. Track density shows a noticeable decrease between assembly (i) and assembly (iii), remaining constant for smaller openings. Only ²²²Rn, a noble gas, should enter the assembly independently of the opening size.