基于PMU的电力系统状态估计算法研究

本文针对PMU技术以及当前WAMS和SCADA系统量测并存的现状,研究基于PMU的状态估计算法。首先在动态估计中利用PMU量测进行边界协调;然后利用滤波步得到的状态变量值和PMU量测值进行一次线性估计,将非线性动态估计和线性估计结合起来,最大限度利用了PMU数据。     

感应式电能表电能计量误差分析

本文建立了感应式电能表在正弦波以及含有谐波情况下的数学模型,并根据所建立的数学模型分析了感应式电能表计量误差产生的机理,然后利用高精度的电能表校验装备对感应式电能表作了一系列的测试,并提出了三个假设条件,运用功能强大的MATLAB软件分析了感应式电能表误差产生的几个因素对感应式电能表测量结果的影响。     

基于功能点分析方法的软件规模度量

在现代软件工程中,软件规模度量已成为一个重要的研究方向,近年来受到了广泛的关注。本文详细分析了一种重要的软件规模度量方法一一功能点分析方法,并提出了一套基于功能点分析方法的度量体系,用于获得更精确的规模度量和更客观的评价、促进软件过程改进。     

Measurement accuracy of a mono-fiber optical probe in a bubbly flow

The measurement accuracy of a mono-fiber optical probe is studied experimentally using isolated bubbles rising freely in a still liquid. The dwell time of the probe tip within the gas phase, which is obtained from both the optical probe signal and high-speed visualization, is compared with the value expected for a non-perturbed bubble. The difference originates mainly from the intrusive nature of the optical probe, which modifies the bubble behavior when it comes into contact with the probe tip. This interaction increases the dwell time if the bubble is pierced by the probe near its pole, and shortens it for piercing near the equator. The mean dwell time, obtained by averaging for various piercing locations, is shortened and the local void fraction indicated by the probe is thus underestimated. It is shown that the void fraction error can be correlated with a modified Weber number, and this correlation is helpful for sensor selection and for uncertainty estimate. In addition, the distribution of gas dwell time usually differs from the response expected for an ideal probe. This deviation results from the dependence of the dwell time error on the piercing location. The dwell time distribution can be used to infer the dependence of the dwell time on the piercing location. Finally, the deformation of long fibers during the bubble-probe interaction significantly increases the measurement error. Observed results are consistent with data of Andreotti (2009), which were measured in an airlift flow, suggesting that present results are applicable also to the case of moving liquid. Conclusions of this study could be applied also to conductivity probes or more generally to the interaction of a bubble with any kind of thin, intrusive sensor or fiber.     

Experimental modeling of physical laws

A physical law is represented by the probability distribution of a measured variable. The probability density is described by measured data using an estimator whose kernel is the instrument scattering function. The experimental information and data redundancy are defined in terms of information entropy. The model cost function, comprised of data redundancy and estimation error, is minimized by the creation-annihilation process. Received 24 February 2000 and Received in final form 21 February 2001     

Spectral imaging system for non-contact colour measurement

This paper describes the development of a non-contact system for measuring colour of printed material at web speeds. The system proposed uses a non-contact spectrophotometer based on a holographic grating, in conjunction with a conventional monochrome area scan camera, from which colour spectral data is extracted, whilst a xenon flash is used to illuminate colour samples. Software and hardware details of the system are given, along with the underlying mathematics for colour space conversion and measurement. Conversion equations from X, Y, Z chromaticity co-ordinates to the RGB system are presented, and also equations to convert from the L^*a^*b^* colour space to X, Y, Z chromaticity co-ordinates. Experimental results are presented whereby the non-contact spectral system is shown to perform to a colour tolerance exceeding that of conventional colour video systems.     

Measurement of K β K /α values using proton beamvalues using proton beam

The Measurement of K _β K _/α intensity ratios are measured in some 3d shell elements by using a 2 MeV proton beam along with a high resolution Si(Li) detector. The present Measurement of K _β K _/α intensity ratios are in good agreement with Scofield modified theoretical values, thus supporting the basic assumptions in that theory. From the present Measurement of K _β K _/α intensity ratios, it is evident that due to chemical effects, the experimental Measurement of K _β K _/α intensity ratios will be increased while they will be decreased due to the presence of simultaneous M-shell vacancies which are produced due to proton excitation.     

IMP在过热器再热器在线故障诊断系统中的应用——原理与编程

系统介绍了IMP数据转换器在过热器、再热器在线诊断系统中作为现场数据采集环节的原理和性能,并对其硬件系统的构成和软件的二次开发作了详细说明。     

A model to set measurement quality objectives and to establish measurement uncertainty expectations in analytical chemistry laboratories using ASTM proficiency test data

A model is presented that correlates historical proficiency test data as the log of interlaboratory standard deviations versus the log of analyte concentrations, independent of analyte (measurand) or matrix. Analytical chemistry laboratories can use this model to set their internal measurement quality objectives and to apply the uncertainty budget process to assign the maximum allowable variation in each major step in their bias-free measurement systems. Laboratories that are compliant with this model are able to pass future proficiency tests and demonstrate competence to laboratory clients and ISO 17025 accreditation bodies. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer LINK server located at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s007690100398-y. Received: 31 March 2001 Accepted: 11 September 2001