基础理论纵贯化学学科:吉林大学“统计力学与分子模拟”课程建设*

化学的基础理论的演进不断重塑着化学学科。传统的教学体系所依据的理论范式落后于现代化学理论的发展。吉林大学化学学院面向本科学生开设了“统计力学与分子模拟”课程。针对吉林大学本科学生的特点,精心安排了教学内容,通盘考虑知识体系的衔接,优化了教学方法。同时,淬炼了课程中的思政元素,从而在思想、道德、知识等3个方面进一步提升学生的综合素质。     

基于化学学科核心素养发展的元素化合物教学案例研究*

通过“燃煤污染与防治”“金属矿物的开发利用”等2个典型的元素化合物教学案例,探讨如何将元素化合物的学习置于一定挑战性的问题情境中,形成问题解决基本思路,从化学视角分析解决实际问题,促进学生化学学科核心素养的发展。     

落实中职课程标准 培养化学核心素养*——中职文化基础课化学教材(高教版)的编写原则及特色

标准建设是以类型教育为特征,新一轮职业教育改革的基础性工作。以《中等职业学校化学课程标准》为依据,由高等教育出版社组织编写出版的化学教材,落实立德树人根本任务,注重学生化学核心素养的培养。全面介绍了教材的编写背景、编写原则、教材结构、教材特色,旨在指导中等职业学校教师落实化学课程标准,以现代职业教育理念实施化学课程改革,提高化学课程教学质量和效果。     

Computational Study of the Electron Spectra of Vapor-Phase Indole and Four Azaindoles

After geometry optimization, the electron spectra of indole and four azaindoles are calculated by density functional theory. Available experimental photoemission and excitation data for indole and 7-azaindole are used to compare with the theoretical values. The results for the other azaindoles are presented as predictions to help the interpretation of experimental spectra when they become available.     

Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Warhead-Decorated Psoralens as (Immuno)Proteasome Inhibitors

The immunoproteasome is a multicatalytic protease that is predominantly expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin. Its elevated expression has been associated with autoimmune diseases, various types of cancer, and inflammatory diseases. Selective inhibition of its catalytic activities is therefore a viable approach for the treatment of these diseases. However, the development of immunoproteasome-selective inhibitors with non-peptidic scaffolds remains a challenging task. We previously reported 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (psoralen)-based compounds with an oxathiazolone warhead as selective inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like (β5i) subunit of immunoproteasome. Here, we describe the influence of the electrophilic warhead variations at position 3 of the psoralen core on the inhibitory potencies. Despite mapping the chemical space with different warheads, all compounds showed decreased inhibition of the β5i subunit of immunoproteasome in comparison to the parent oxathiazolone-based compound. Although suboptimal, these results provide crucial information about structure–activity relationships that will serve as guidance for the further design of (immuno)proteasome inhibitors.     

化学STSE教学:指向关键能力的实践活动*——以手工醋与勾兑醋的区分实践活动为例

近年来STSE教育即以科学、技术、社会和环境4者的协调性为基础的综合实践活动教学理念在历年的高考试题中的试题量和分值所占比例逐步上升,它是提升学生必备品格、培养学生关键能力、帮助学生针对公共生活中利与弊皆有的两难问题做出正确选择的有效抓手,是发展学生化学学科核心素养不可或缺的重要组成部分。基于STSE 的初中学生化学教学综合实践活动学习,为初中学生进入高中阶段,快速发展化学学科核心素养打下良好的基础。     

高中化学必修课程“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养的系统构成研究

“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养的系统构成对开展“素养导向”的教学与评价具有重要意义。通过课标分析,基于学科能力模型明确了高中必修学段“变化观念与平衡思想”核心素养的核心知识与活动经验、认识方式、研究对象及问题情境、学科能力活动及其表现等4个维度的具体内涵,系统建构了高中化学必修课程“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养模型。     

基于宏微辨析核心素养分析高中《化学1(必修)》教材*

教材分析是连接教材和课程的桥梁,基于宏观辨识和微观探析核心素养,比较分析了2004年版和2019年版高中《化学1(必修)》教材的特点。通过运用“三序结合”原则,从静态视角对比教材栏目设置、内容组织形式、核心素养呈现方式、学生认知水平以及作业布置形式等5个维度要素在宏微辨析核心素养领域的建构。分析结果显示,2019年版《化学1(必修)》教材在以上要素方面均围绕宏微辨析核心素养,呈现不同水平阶梯型设置。建议在“宏微符”概念形成的过程中增设更为细致的过渡内容,以及更为详尽的与教材配套的辅助内容,便于教材的二次开发。     

培养高阶思维和核心素养的高考有效复习——以“从海洋到餐桌上的碘”为例

选择学生比较熟悉的碘元素,结合海带提碘和精碘制碘酸钾工业生产情境展开复习教学,综合利用元素性质、反应原理探索含碘物质之间相互转化的最优路径,并对转化过程中的某些现象进行实验探究。通过设置有梯度的问题串引导学生在思考、分析、探究、归纳中完成综合型学习任务,实现知识规律化和体系化整合以及高阶思维培养。     

Synthesis of tunable core–shell nanostructures based on TiO2-graphene architectures and their application in the photodegradation of rhodamine dyes

We present the synthesis of core–shell nanostructural materials with multi-component architectures based on TiO₂ and graphitic layers. The composites have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition with methane as the carbon source, for 5, 10, 30 and 45 min. The final products were characterized by a combination of analytical approaches which include: electron microscopy, Raman, FT-IR and UV–vis spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The amount of graphene shells covering the TiO₂ surfaces was found to vary linearly with the reaction time. Furthermore, the compounds were shown to have excellent stability and photocatalytic activity towards the UV degradation of rhodamine (RhB) dye solution at room temperature. These composites could have major applications in the area of environmental cleaning of various pollutants, electrochemistry or nanomedicine.