Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Warhead-Decorated Psoralens as (Immuno)Proteasome Inhibitors

The immunoproteasome is a multicatalytic protease that is predominantly expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin. Its elevated expression has been associated with autoimmune diseases, various types of cancer, and inflammatory diseases. Selective inhibition of its catalytic activities is therefore a viable approach for the treatment of these diseases. However, the development of immunoproteasome-selective inhibitors with non-peptidic scaffolds remains a challenging task. We previously reported 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (psoralen)-based compounds with an oxathiazolone warhead as selective inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like (β5i) subunit of immunoproteasome. Here, we describe the influence of the electrophilic warhead variations at position 3 of the psoralen core on the inhibitory potencies. Despite mapping the chemical space with different warheads, all compounds showed decreased inhibition of the β5i subunit of immunoproteasome in comparison to the parent oxathiazolone-based compound. Although suboptimal, these results provide crucial information about structure–activity relationships that will serve as guidance for the further design of (immuno)proteasome inhibitors.     

化学STSE教学:指向关键能力的实践活动*——以手工醋与勾兑醋的区分实践活动为例

近年来STSE教育即以科学、技术、社会和环境4者的协调性为基础的综合实践活动教学理念在历年的高考试题中的试题量和分值所占比例逐步上升,它是提升学生必备品格、培养学生关键能力、帮助学生针对公共生活中利与弊皆有的两难问题做出正确选择的有效抓手,是发展学生化学学科核心素养不可或缺的重要组成部分。基于STSE 的初中学生化学教学综合实践活动学习,为初中学生进入高中阶段,快速发展化学学科核心素养打下良好的基础。     

高中化学必修课程“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养的系统构成研究

“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养的系统构成对开展“素养导向”的教学与评价具有重要意义。通过课标分析,基于学科能力模型明确了高中必修学段“变化观念与平衡思想”核心素养的核心知识与活动经验、认识方式、研究对象及问题情境、学科能力活动及其表现等4个维度的具体内涵,系统建构了高中化学必修课程“变化观念与平衡思想”学科核心素养模型。     

基于宏微辨析核心素养分析高中《化学1(必修)》教材*

教材分析是连接教材和课程的桥梁,基于宏观辨识和微观探析核心素养,比较分析了2004年版和2019年版高中《化学1(必修)》教材的特点。通过运用“三序结合”原则,从静态视角对比教材栏目设置、内容组织形式、核心素养呈现方式、学生认知水平以及作业布置形式等5个维度要素在宏微辨析核心素养领域的建构。分析结果显示,2019年版《化学1(必修)》教材在以上要素方面均围绕宏微辨析核心素养,呈现不同水平阶梯型设置。建议在“宏微符”概念形成的过程中增设更为细致的过渡内容,以及更为详尽的与教材配套的辅助内容,便于教材的二次开发。     

培养高阶思维和核心素养的高考有效复习——以“从海洋到餐桌上的碘”为例

选择学生比较熟悉的碘元素,结合海带提碘和精碘制碘酸钾工业生产情境展开复习教学,综合利用元素性质、反应原理探索含碘物质之间相互转化的最优路径,并对转化过程中的某些现象进行实验探究。通过设置有梯度的问题串引导学生在思考、分析、探究、归纳中完成综合型学习任务,实现知识规律化和体系化整合以及高阶思维培养。     

Synthesis of tunable core–shell nanostructures based on TiO2-graphene architectures and their application in the photodegradation of rhodamine dyes

We present the synthesis of core–shell nanostructural materials with multi-component architectures based on TiO₂ and graphitic layers. The composites have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition with methane as the carbon source, for 5, 10, 30 and 45 min. The final products were characterized by a combination of analytical approaches which include: electron microscopy, Raman, FT-IR and UV–vis spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The amount of graphene shells covering the TiO₂ surfaces was found to vary linearly with the reaction time. Furthermore, the compounds were shown to have excellent stability and photocatalytic activity towards the UV degradation of rhodamine (RhB) dye solution at room temperature. These composites could have major applications in the area of environmental cleaning of various pollutants, electrochemistry or nanomedicine.     

提高专业基础课程学习的兴趣

课程教学质量直接影响学生学习的积极性,专业基础课程质量直接影响专门人才的培养。从"激光原理及应用"专业基础课程的教学过程如何激发学生的学习兴趣出发提出了一些想法,以打造顺应时代发展的光电子技术人才。     

SCWR for Future LargeScale Nuclear Power Generation

The ambitious nuclear power program motivates the Chinese nuclear community to develop advanced reactor concepts of generation IV, in order to ensure the longterm, stable and sustainable development of nuclear power. The supercritical watercooled reactor (SCWR) has favorable features in economics, sustainability and technology availability. It is the logical extension of the existing PWR technology and has very promising perspectives in largescale power generation in China. This paper describes the main features of SCWR. New designs of SCWR core structure and fuel assemblies are proposed. Preliminary analysis using a coupled neutronphysics/thermalhydraulics method is carried out and shows a good feasibility of the new design proposal.     

Electron irradiation-enhanced core/shell organization of Al(Cr,Fe, Mn)Si dispersoids in Al–Mg–Si alloys

The age hardening 6061-T6 aluminium alloy has been chosen as structural material for the core vessel of the material testing Jules Horowitz nuclear reactor. The alloy contains incoherent Al(Cr, Fe, Mn)Si dispersoids whose characterization by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) analysis shows a core/shell organization tendency where the core is (Mn, Fe) rich, and the shell is Cr rich. The present work studies the stability of this organization under irradiation. TEM characterization on the same particles, before and after 1 MeV electron irradiation, reveals that the core/shell organization is enhanced after irradiation. It is proposed that the high level of point defects, created by irradiation, ensures a radiation-enhanced diffusion process favourable to the unmixing forces between (Fe, Mn) and Cr. Shell formation may result in the low-energy interface segregation of Cr atoms within the (Fe, Mn) system combined with the unmixing of Cr, Fe and Mn components.     

Measurements of the spatially resolved electron temperature and plasma potential in ferrite-core side type Ar/He inductively-coupled plasmas

Spatial distributions of the effective electron temperature (T_eff) and plasma potential were studied from the measurement of an electron energy probability function in a side type ferrite-core inductively coupled plasma with an argon–helium mixture. As the helium gas was diluted at the fixed total gas pressure of 5 mTorr in an argon discharge, the distribution of the plasma density and plasma potential changed from a concave to a flat profile, and finally became a convex profile, while all spatial profiles of T_eff were hollow shapes with helium dilution in the argon discharge. This evolution of the plasma potential with helium gas could be explained by the increased energy relaxation length (λ_ε), indicating the transition of electron kinetics from local to non-local kinetics.