Deep sea pollen record during 12－1.6 Ma from the southern South China Sea and its response to envi-ronmental change

Based on deep-sea pollen results (512-76 m) from ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea (SCS),the climate and vegetation evolution sequence on the surrounding islands and the exposed continental shelf are discussed. The pollen records show that the pollen influx was quite low before 8.15 Ma and increased dramatically afterwards. The influx changes can be ascribed,on one side,to tectonics deformations around the southern SCS resulting in rapid uplift of islands and subsequent increase of the sediment rates and pollen influx and on the other side to climate cooling and monsoon enhancement. Around 2.63 Ma was another obvious boundary,the increasing of pollen and spores influx since this time was mainly related to global climate cooling. Spectrum analysis of pollen influx values shows that 2 Ma,0.67 Ma,and 0.19-0.17 Ma cycles existed during 12-3.0 Ma,while 0.1 Ma and 46.9 ka cycles existed during 3.0-2.0 Ma.     

山东省海岸带复合农林业的经营类型及模式优化研究初报

在调查的基础上，结合以往的研究成果，对山东省海岸带复合农林业的经营类及型及模式进行了分析、比较，提出了不同海岸带复合农林业经营类型的优化模豚相关的造林技术。     

东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀渔场环境因子初探

根据舟山海洋渔业公司近3年在东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀钓作业记载的日志和生产统计资料,初步分析了东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀渔场的环境因子,结果表明:暗鳍兔头鲀渔场的变动和渔获量与水温环境因子的关系较为密切.当水温在17～23℃时,暗鳍兔头鲀渔获量随着温度的升高大致增加;当水温高于23℃时,暗鳍兔头鲀渔获量随着温度的升高反而降低;黑潮、台湾暖流、冷水团等海流的变化影响着暗鳍兔头鲀渔场范围大小及其移动,近3年渔场基本稳定在26°0'～28°30'N,122°30'～126°00'E的海域;浮游生物的分布与垂直移动影响暗鳍兔头鲀栖息集群及鲀钓渔法,暗鳍兔头鲀作业渔场的浮游生物量为25~50 mg/m3.     

Furo[3,2-h]isochroman, furo[3,2-h]isoquinoline, isochroman, phenol, pyranone, and pyrone derivatives from the sea fan-derived fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F40

Nine new fungal metabolites, penicisochromans A-E, penicipyrone, penicipyranone, peniciphenol, and penicisoquinoline, were isolated from the sea fan-derived fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F40 together with five known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Their antibacterial activity against the standard Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus was evaluated.     

Study of interactions of concentrated marine dissolved organic matter with copper and zinc by pseudopolarography

The interaction of dissolved organic matter (DOM) with copper and zinc in a concentrated seawater sample was characterised by pseudopolarography. Measurements performed at increased concentrations of copper(II) ions showed successive saturation of active DOM sites which indicate possible partition of copper between (i) free or labile complexes, (ii) reduced and released within the potential window of the method, and (iii) electroinactive copper complexes. Pseudopolarograms measured at pH 4 indicate a release of copper which was bound to the active sites of DOM that formed non-labile complexes. Variation of the peak position and half-peak width along the scanned deposition potentials and with the increasing concentration of copper bear the information about the complex electrochemical processes at the electrode surface and in the bulk of the solution. Pseudopolarograms of zinc showed a strong dependence of the peak current and the peak position along the scanned deposition potentials on pH values, indicating preferentially complexation of zinc with carboxylic-like active sites of DOM in the measured sample. Pseudopolarography is a valuable method in the trace metal complexation and speciation studies, serving as a fingerprint of the analysed sample.     

Effects of South China Sea/western North Pacific summer monsoon on tropospheric biennial oscillation （TBO）

Several theories have been developed to explain tropical biennial oscillation (TBO), as an air--sea interactive system to impact Asian and global weather and climate, and some models have been established to produce a TBO. A simple 5-box model, with almost all the key processes associated with TBO, can produce a TBO by including air--sea interactions in the monsoon regions. Despite that, the South China Sea/western North Pacific summer monsoon (SCS/WNPSM), a very important monsoon subsystem, is neglected. In this paper, based on the dynamical framework of 5-box model, the term of SCS/WNPSM has been added and a 6-box model has been developed. Comparing the difference of TBO sensibilities with several key parameters, air--sea coupling coefficient α, SST-thermocline feedback coefficient γ and wind-evaporation feedback coefficient λ, between the modified model and original model, TBO is more sensible to the parameters in the new model. The results imply that the eastern Pacific and local wind-evaporation play more important roles in the TBO when including SCS/WNPSM.     

Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records

As the third summary report of ODP Leg 184 to the South China Sea (SCS), this paper discusses the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and the SCS basin. A multi-proxy approach, involving geochemistry, micropale-ontology, pollen and other analyses, was adopted for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the East Asian monsoon, which was characterized by a series of paleo-climate events especially at 8, 3.2, 2.2 and 0.4 Ma. The new record indicates similar stages in the development of the East and South Asian monsoons, with an enhanced winter monsoon over East Asia being the major difference. The rich spectrums of monsoon variability from the southern SCS also reveal other characteristic features of the low latitude ocean. Evidence for the evolution of the SCS includes the hemipelagic Oligocene sediments, implying the existence of deep water environments during the early seafloor spreading stage of the SCS basin. The four major unconformities and some remarkabl ediagenetic features in upper Oligocene deposits indicate the strongest tectonic events in the region. From a careful comparison of lithologies and sedimentation rates, we conclude that the prominent differences in sedimentary environments between the southern and northern SCS were established only by ～3 Ma.     

东海低氧区浮游植物群落的昼夜垂直变化

根据2011年5月航次(春季)、8月航次(夏季)和11月航次(秋季)在东海低氧区共6个站位进行的昼夜连续观测所获浮游植物水样,用Uterm?hl方法分析了浮游植物群落的昼夜垂直变化.春季共检出浮游植物99种,优势种为具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)和骨条藻(Skeletonema sp.);夏季检出93种,优势种为劳氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lauderi)、铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)、具槽帕拉藻;秋季检出78种,优势种为具槽帕拉藻、骨条藻和圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.).春季细胞丰度明显高于夏、秋季;春、夏季细胞丰度随水深增加逐渐降低,秋季细胞丰度分布较均匀;春、夏季上层水体浮游植物丰度昼夜变化较剧烈,下层水体相对平缓;秋季D3站位表层和J1站位底层细胞丰度昼夜变化较剧烈,其余水层细胞丰度昼夜波动不明显.春季D2站位20,m水层及夏季O11站位各水层优势种组成存在明显的昼夜变化,其余各水层浮游植物群集相对稳定.调查站位各水层间浮游植物群集结构差异明显.     

Upper pycnocline turbulence in the northern South China Sea

The first regional mapping of the averaged turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate <εp> in the upper pycnocline of the northern South China Sea is presented and discussed.At φ=20°N and to the north of this latitude,<εp> appears to be more than two times larger than that to the south of 20°N.It is suggested that this asymmetry is associated with the predominant northwestward propagation and dissipation of the internal waves originated in the Luzon Strait area.An approximately linear relationship between <εp> and the available potential energy of the waves P IW,suggests a characteristic time of the P IW dissipation of about 6 h.