地中海果蝇鸣声特征分析

利用计算机鸣声分析技术,对地中海果蝇鸣声的声学特征进行了全面分析,探讨了果蝇鸣声特征及其生物学意义,并将果蝇鸣声区分为3个部分．结果表明,地中海果蝇召唤歌为正弦波,IPI（两相邻脉冲的时间间隔）均值为2．9ms,基频约为366Hz;而其求爱歌由脉冲串组成,每个脉冲串大约持续0．1s,求爱歌的IPI均值为3．2ms,基频约为146Hz．此分析为果蝇鸣声的系统研究提供了基础数据．     

鸣禽鸣啭系统的可塑性及长时程增强研究

鸣禽的鸣唱控制系统已成为研究神经系统与学习、行为和发育相关的一个重要模型.鸣禽的鸣啭表现出一种复杂的学习过程.鸣禽学习鸣啭的过程可以分为两个阶段.在感觉学习期,幼鸟必须听到成鸟的鸣啭,并形成鸣啭模板记忆;在感觉运动学习期,鸣禽通过听觉反馈与模板匹配逐步建立稳定的鸣啭.该文对近年来鸣禽鸣啭学习过程中的新生神经元及长时程增强研究进展进行综述.     

试析惠东渔歌

惠东渔歌是广东惠东县沿海以捕鱼为生的渔民们在劳动中和重大节日上传唱的一种民歌,有独唱齐唱多种形式,是国家级非物质文化遗产,具有一定的史料与研究价值。     

重读赵树理的《“锻炼锻炼”》

文章对上个世纪末以来在阐释赵树理的《锻炼锻炼》中最有代表性的两种观点进行辨析,肯定小腿疼、吃不饱的外号暗示了农民劳动积极性低下和生活待遇的低下的观点,否定赵树理在创作中怎么想就怎么写的看法,认为小说利用了当时一般文学创作惯用的歪曲生活真实的方法,曲折地反映出作家的民间立场的观点确有拔高作家创作意图的嫌疑。指出在解读《锻炼锻炼》时,注意到由于政治话语、启蒙话语和民间话语的矛盾、裂隙产生的张力,导致作品出现歧义和多义的现象,才能避免得出偏执一端的结论。     

基于Mel频谱值和深度学习网络的鸟声识别算法*

为了增强网络对鸟鸣声信号的特征学习能力并提高识别精度,提出一种基于深度残差收缩网络和扩张卷积的鸟声识别方法。首先,提取鸟鸣声信号的对数梅尔特征及其一阶和二阶差分系数组成logMel特征集作为网络模型的输入;其次,通过深度残差收缩网络自动学习噪声阈值,减少噪声干扰;然后,引入扩张卷积增大卷积核感受野并利用注意力机制使网络更关注关键帧特征;最后,通过双向长短时记忆网络从学到的局部特征中学习长期依赖关系。以百鸟数据birdsdata鸟声库中的19种中国常见鸟类作为实验对象,识别正确率可以达到96.58%,并对比模型在不同信噪比数据下的识别结果,结果表明该模型在噪声环境下的识别效果优于现有模型。     

浅析以"下界面调式"为基础的朝鲜族民歌

朝鲜族是我国能歌善舞的少数民族之一,具有灿烂的民族文化遗产.以民谣作为基石发展起来的朝鲜族音乐,具有清新、柔美、婉转、明朗、轻快的旋律和丰富多彩的"长短"节奏之美.以民歌题材为分类方式,以下界面调式为研究视角,对朝鲜族民歌的结构进行研究,进而分析出以"下界面调式"为基础的朝鲜族民歌的结构特征及其创作特点.     

日本"猪"民俗的文化内涵及其传承

受中国传统文化影响,日本亦延用十二生肖即十二属相之俗.然而,由于对猪的驯化历史不同,日本十二属相中的“猪“实为野猪,日本民俗亦围绕野猪而非家猪展开.在日本农耕文化特征的影响下,日本关于“猪“的民俗和传承均围绕山神(田神)、亥神展开,其祭祀、信仰活动亦包含着丰产富饶的内容,在反映出中日文化交流轨迹的同时,也反映出日本人对“猪“的独特认识和理解.     

Iridoids Isolation from a Phytochemical Study of the Medicinal Plant Teucrium parviflorum Collected in Iraqi Kurdistan

Herbal medicines are still widely practiced in Kurdistan Region-Iraq, especially by people living in villages on mountainous regions. Among plants belonging to the genus Teucrium (family Lamiaceae), which are commonly employed in the Kurdish traditional medicine, we have analyzed, for the first time, the methanol and aqueous methanol extracts of T. parviflorum aerial parts. The plant is mainly used by Kurds to treat jaundice, liver disorders and stomachache. We aimed to determine the phytochemical profile of the extracts and the structures of the main components, so to provide a scientific rationale for the ancient use of the plant in the ethno-pharmacological field. TLC analysis of the two extracts on silica gel and reversed phase TLC plates, using different visualization systems, indicated similar contents and the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and sugars. The chlorophyll-free extracts exhibited weak/no antimicrobial activities against a panel of bacteria (MICs = 800–1600 µg/mL) and fungal strains (MICs ≥ 5 mg/mL). At the concentration of 600 µg/mL, the methanol extract showed moderate antiproliferative effects against A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines in the MTS assay. Moreover, both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging action against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (EC₅₀ = 62.11 and 44.25 μg/mL, respectively). In a phytochemical study, a high phenolic content (77.08 and 81.47 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively) was found in both extracts by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Medium pressure liquid chromatographic (MPLC) separation of the methanol extract on a reversed phase cartridge eluted with a gradient of MeOH in H₂O, afforded two bioactive iridoid glucosides, harpagide (1) and 8-O-acetylharpagide (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were established by spectral data, chemical reactions, and comparison with the literature. Interestingly, significant amounts of hepatotoxic furano neo-clerodane diterpenoids, commonly occurring in Teucrium species, were not detected in the extract. The wide range of biological activities reported in the literature for compounds 1 and 2 and the significant antiradical effects of the extracts give scientific support to the traditional use in Iraqi Kurdistan of T. parviflorum aerial parts for the preparation of herbal remedies.     

从汉代的采风政策与董仲舒的家庭观看汉乐府民歌妇女形象

汉乐府民歌中的妇女形象具有奇行异事化的倾向,其原因有三:一为叙事文体本要追求奇行异事;二为汉代的采风政策鼓励采集具有奇行异事的人物;三为汉代家庭现强调妻子对家庭的支持作用的一面。     

辽宁省民间传统体育文化校本课程开发研究

在阐述民间传统体育文化校本课程开发的理论,对民间传统体育文化校本课程资源的开发背景与分类整理的基础上,从校本课程开发的指导思想、开发思路、开发的目标与途径、开发策略方面制定了辽宁省民间传统体育文化校本课程的开发模式,对辽宁省民间传统体育文化校本课程的设计提出了个人的一些观点和看法。