Characteristics of Exposure to Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) among Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Lung Injury (HDLI) Patients in South Korea

This study aimed to quantify both chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) dissolved in different product brands and to characterize the exposure to these chemicals among humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) patients. Both CMIT and MIT dissolved in different humidifier disinfectant (HD) products were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The inhalation level of CMIT and MIT was estimated based on HD-associated factors as reported by HDLI patients. A total of eleven HD products marketed until the end of 2011 were found to contain CMIT and/or MIT. The level of combined CMIT and/or MIT dissolved in these HD products ranged from 12 to 353 ppm. The level varied among HD products and the year of manufacture. The average inhalation levels were estimated to be 7.5, 4.1, and 3.2 μg/m³ for the definite, probable, and possible groups, respectively. If probable and possible groups were collapsed together, the inhalation level of the collapsed group was significantly different from that of the definite group (p < 0.001). All HDLI patients responded as having used HD not only while sleeping, but also as having a humidifier treated with HD within close proximity every day in insufficiently ventilated spaces. These HD use characteristics of patients may be directly/indirectly linked to the HDLI development.     

一种用于磁感应成像中灵敏度矩阵的计算方法

生物组织中的磁感应成像(MIT)是一种通过测量交变磁场中因扰动导体所引起的感应电压来重建复合电导率分布的方法.灵敏度矩阵即是映射电导率分布的变化与接收线圈中感应电压变化的对应关系.基于有限元方法和补偿原理,提出一种快速计算灵敏度矩阵的方法,并应用这种方法进行了多种仿真分析实验.结果表明,通过该方法可以快速地对单个扰动和多个扰动的灵敏度矩阵进行有效求解,即为MIT中逆问题的图像重建提供了有效的方法.     

Anisotropic strange quark star in Finch-Skea geometry and its maximum mass for non-zero strange quark mass (ms ≠ 0)

A class of relativistic astrophysical compact objects is analyzed in the modified Finch-Skea geometry described by the MIT bag model equation of state of interior matter, \begin{document}$ p=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\rho-4B\right) $\end{document}, where B is known as the bag constant. B plays an important role in determining the physical features and structure of strange stars. We consider the finite mass of the strange quark (\begin{document}$ m_{s} \neq 0 $\end{document}) and study its effects on the stability of quark matter inside a star. We note that the inclusion of strange quark mass affects the gross properties of the stellar configuration, such as maximum mass, surface red-shift, and the radius of strange quark stars. To apply our model physically, we consider three compact objects, namely, (i) VELA X-1, (ii) 4U 1820-30, and (iii) PSR J 1903+327, which are thought to be strange stars. The range of B is restricted from 57.55 to \begin{document}$B_{\rm stable}$\end{document} (\begin{document}$\rm MeV/fm^{3}$\end{document}), for which strange matter might be stable relative to iron (\begin{document}$^{56}{\rm Fe}$\end{document}). However, we also observe that metastable and unstable strange matter depend on B and \begin{document}$ m_{s} $\end{document}. All energy conditions hold well in this approach. Stability in terms of the Lagrangian perturbation of radial pressure is studied in this paper.     

如何通过跨学科多元整合模式培养新型博士*——以麻省理工学院化学工程实践博士项目为例

1999年,麻省理工学院启动了化学工程实践博士项目,迄今已有20余年的历史。该项目是麻省理工学院的独创,其模式较为新颖,有典型性与代表性。该模式突破了钟摆现象二元分割范式的制约,体现出跨学科多元整合的特色。在实践中,多元整合的特色体现在历史演进、培养目标、培养内容及培养路径方面。在新一轮工业革命竞争日趋激烈的背景下,创新高层次化学相关专业研究生人才培养模式意义重大。可运用跨学科多元整合模式,从树立多样化人才培养理念、打造跨学科教师队伍、构建校企协同育人机制等方面出发,打破化学相关专业研究生高层次人才培养的二元分割范式,整合多重资源,创新人才培养新理念,构建新时代化学工程研究生人才培养新模式。     

The Culture of Visual Representations in Spectroscopic Education and Laboratory Instruction

Gestalten and show how these graphic resources were used to train the difficult skill of classifying stellar spectra. In its heyday, spectroscopy was firmly integrated in the curriculum to become an important part of the practical training not only of scientists but also of liberal arts students, even finding its way into vocational schools and Gymnasia. Within the framework of this Anschauungsunterricht I identify the teaching traditions and link them to the laboratory exercises by Kohlrausch, Pickering, Lockyer and Weinhold.     

不同温度下碲铟汞晶体结构的XRD研究

通过X射线粉末衍射方法对大气环境下25～100℃条件下的碲铟隶晶体结构进行了研究.借助Rietveld方法,利用GSAS软件对碲铟汞晶体结构进行精修,并计算了其Hg空位浓度.结果表明,室温下碲铟汞晶体中由于Hg元素较易挥发而引入的Hg空位约占1.88;,品格常数约为0.63163 nm;随着温度的升高,Hg的占位率逐渐降低,Hg空位的浓度有所提高;MIT的品格常数呈现出先减小后增大的趋势.     

一种筒弹测试故障模拟器系统设计

为了测试人员能在平时使用模拟器系统进行测试训练。本文设计了一种筒弹测试故障模拟器系统,介绍了它的工作原理、系统的软硬件设计。该系统能对筒弹基本电气性能和测试接口进行模拟,在软件的控制下,实现模拟筒弹测试项目和模拟筒弹测试故障等功能,可以很好的完成筒弹测试设备测试人员对筒弹测试的操作训练。     

基于EMD的心电信号压缩算法

针对生物医学信号特别是心电信号(ECG)的特点和数据压缩需求,提出一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)方法的ECG信号压缩算法.所提算法计算简单,无需预先或后处理.以MIT-BIH标准数据库的心律失常数据作为实验数据,通过压缩比(CR)、均方根百分差异(PRD)、归一化均方根百分差异(PRDN)、均方根(RMS)、信噪比(SNR)、质量评分(QS)6个评价参数分析所提算法性能,并与基于小波分解的压缩算法进行比较.实验结果表明,所提算法具有较好的压缩比与保真度,证明了该算法的有效性.     

Thermally- or optically-biased memristive switching in two-terminal VO2 devices

We investigated thermally- or optically-biased memristive switching in two-terminal micro devices based on vanadium dioxide (VO₂) thin films. For the preparation of multi-level resistance switching, the device was kept at a specific temperature or an optical illumination power so that it fell into the thermal or optical hysteresis region of the device resistance during the switching. With the application of external current pulses, the device resistance decreased in a discrete manner showing multiple resistance levels, each of which was maintained as long as the temperature (or optical) bias excited the device. In particular, in the optically-biased case, the effect of the pulse-free interval between current pulses on the device resistance was also examined with respect to three intervals including 10, 15, and 30 s. It was observed that a longer pulse-free interval and higher optical bias reduced the rate of current-induced change in the device resistance. Finally, in order to explore a trend of grain resistance change in the VO₂-based device, we carefully suggested a grain network model explaining a percolative transition in inhomogeneous VO₂ film.     

基于压缩感知的MIT图像重建方法

针对目前磁感应成像技术(MIT)的图像重建质量存在精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知原MIT图像重建方法.将MIT系统电压数据的采集过程视为压缩感知的线性测量过程,通过对灵敏度矩阵进行补零拓展和行向量随机重组操作重新设计了测量矩阵;采集到的电压向量也用相同的方式处理,作为压缩感知的测量信号.然后利用压缩感知信号重构算法恢复原始信号.最后进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明,利用本方法获得的重建图像误差和相关系数比传统图像重建算法要好.由此可见,这是一种精度较高的MIT图像重建方法.