A highly specific immunoassay for microcystin-LR detection based on a monoclonal antibody

Microcystins (MC) are cyanobacterial hepatotoxins responsible for animal-poisoning and human health incidents. Immunoassays provide a sensitive and fast means to detect these toxins, but cross-reactivity (CR) characteristic of different antibodies was variable. Here, we have produced and characterized a monoclonal antibody (Clone MC8C10) with highly specificity against the most frequent and most toxic variant of microcystins, MC-LR. MC8C10 is more specific against MC-LR among the reported antibodies before. The immunogen was synthesized from the modified MC-LR and bovine serum albumin (BSA). An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) with MC8C10 was established to detect the MCs in waters, which showed highly specificity with MC-LR, and have a detection limit for MC-LR 0.1 μg L⁻¹, the 50% inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) for MC-LR was 1.8 ± 0.1 μg L⁻¹ and the quantitative detection range was from 0.3 to 10 μg L⁻¹. The [4-arginine] microcystins and the nodularin-R showed lower cross-reactivates (CR < 10%), and other MCs such as MC-LF and MC-LW are not recognized (CR < 10⁻⁴). The analysis results of real water samples with ic-ELISA showed that all the coefficients of variation were less than 15%, and the recovery was (100.3 ± 5.9)%. So the highly specific ic-ELISA will commendably suit for sensitive analysis for MC-LR in surface water as well as drinking water.     

K-Carrageenan Stimulates Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation: A Potential Factor for the Promotion of Bone Regeneration?

Current cell-based bone tissue regeneration strategies cannot cover large bone defects. K-carrageenan is a highly hydrophilic and biocompatible seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharide, that has been proposed as a promising candidate for tissue engineering applications. Whether κ-carrageenan can be used to enhance bone regeneration is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether κ-carrageenan has osteogenic potential by testing its effect on pre-osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Treatment with κ-carrageenan (0.5 and 2 mg/mL) increased both MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading at 1 h. K-carrageenan (0.125–2 mg/mL) dose-dependently increased pre-osteoblast proliferation and metabolic activity, with a maximum effect at 2 mg/mL at day three. K-carrageenan (0.5 and 2 mg/mL) increased osteogenic differentiation, as shown by enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (1.8-fold increase at 2 mg/mL) at day four, and matrix mineralization (6.2-fold increase at 2 mg/mL) at day 21. K-carrageenan enhanced osteogenic gene expression (Opn, Dmp1, and Mepe) at day 14 and 21. In conclusion, κ-carrageenan promoted MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast adhesion and spreading, metabolic activity, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that κ-carrageenan is a potential osteogenic inductive factor for clinical application to enhance bone regeneration.     

一种基于MC68HC08的摩托车电喷控制系统

根据摩托车发动机的工作原理,作者设计并调试完成了一个基于MC68HC08单片机的电喷控制系统,并应用该系统在台架上进行了单杠四冲程发动机CC125的匹配实验,较好地解决了发动机动力性、经济性及排放之间的矛盾．经实验测量表明,该电喷控制系统可以使摩托车发动机的功率提高10％左右,燃油消耗率降低15％左右,废气排放量减少20％左右．     

基于MC34063的便携式仪器电源电路设计

电源是电子设备的重要组成部分,电源质量直接影响到系统的性能和硬件的使用寿命。提出了一种基于MC34063的适用于便携式仪器的电源电路设计,该电路具有多路输出、外围电路简单、转换效率高且新颖实用等特点。详细论述了选型的依据及其工作原理;然后通过计算电路参数,完成了具体电路的设计;最后对电源的几个重要的性能指标进行了测试,测试结果验证了该电源电路具有良好的稳定性和高效的实用性。     

CAN总线的分布式智能节点的设计

从分析CAN总线控制系统的设计思路入手,提出了一种基于MC9SDG128型单片机的CAN总线节点设计方案,详细介绍了工作原理、硬件结构、软件设计.实验证明,该节点可以完成数据采集、接收和发送,具有较好的扩展性和通用性.     

刺老苞根皮黄酮对H_2O_2诱导的MC3T3-E1成骨细胞损伤改善

在H2O2胁迫下,研究刺老苞根皮(Aralia echinocauIis)黄酮增强MC3T3-E1成骨细胞抗自由基损伤的作用.为此用H2O2作用MC3T3-E1成骨细胞,建立自由基损伤细胞模型.培养的成骨细胞分为对照组、模型组、刺老苞根皮黄酮低剂量组(1×10-8mol/L)、刺老苞根皮黄酮中剂量组(1×10-7mol/L)和刺老苞根皮黄酮高剂量组(1×10-6mol/L).测定不同处理组细胞活力、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、活性自由氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量、脂质过氧化物(lipid oxygen,LPO)含量,同时利用荧光偏振法测定细胞膜流动性.结果显示与模型组相比,刺老苞根皮黄酮组细胞活力、SOD活性、细胞膜流动性均显著升高(P<0.01),而ROS含量、LPO含量则显著降低(P<0.01),并呈现一定的量效关系.可以认为H2O2摄入会导致MC3T3-E1成骨细胞的氧化损伤,而刺老苞根皮黄酮可以预防或降低此类损伤对细胞的影响.     

蓝藻水华衍生的微囊藻毒素污染及其对水生生物的生态毒理学研究

富营养化导致的蓝藻水华频发,引发各种衍生物污染,严重时造成重大生态灾害事件,甚至危及人类健康。其中微囊藻毒素以其毒性大、分布广和结构稳定的特点,成为水环境中常见的潜在危害物质,它主要由微囊藻产生,是一类具有多种异构体的环状七肽物质。本文根据微囊藻毒素污染现状及其水生生态毒理学研究的最新研究进展,介绍了微囊藻毒素的理化性质及其产生、迁移和转化,在我国天然水体、水库源水和饮用水中的污染现状以及部分水产品中的微囊藻毒素累积情况,较全面地评述了微囊藻毒素的分子致毒机理以及对水生生态系统的重要组成成分--常见水生植物和鱼类的生态毒理学效应,并提出了该领域未来研究的主要方向。     

Eulerian-Lagranigan simulation of aerosol evolution in turbulent mixing layer

The formation and evolution of aerosol in turbulent flows are ubiquitous in both industrial processes and nature. The intricate interaction of turbulent mixing and aerosol evolution in a canonical turbulent mixing layer was investigated by a direct numerical simulation (DNS) in a recent study (Zhou, K., Attili, A., Alshaarawi, A., and Bisetti, F. Simulation of aerosol nucleation and growth in a turbulent mixing layer. Physics of Fluids, 26, 065106 (2014)). In this work, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of aerosol evolution is carried out along Lagrangian trajectories obtained in the previous simulation, in order to quantify the error of the moment method used in the previous simulation. Moreover, the particle size distribution (PSD), not available in the previous works, is also investigated. Along a fluid parcel moving through the turbulent flow, temperature and vapor concentration exhibit complex fluctuations, triggering complicate aerosol processes and rendering complex PSD. However, the mean PSD is found to be bi-modal in most of the mixing layer except that a tri-modal distribution is found in the turbulent transition region. The simulated PSDs agree with the experiment observations available in the literature. A different explanation on the formation of such PSDs is provided.     

MC桩组合支护结构在淤泥质土基坑工程中的应用分析

结合某淤泥质土环境基坑支护工程实例,采用有限元数值分析方法,探讨水泥土桩与混凝土桩组合支护结构（MC桩）力学变形特性,包括MC桩截面参数对支护结构水平位移、地表沉降以及坑底隆起量影响．研究结果表明,MC桩组合支护结构在淤泥质基坑中,有利于控制基坑变形,增加基坑稳定性;M桩挡墙宽度对减小支护结构变形效果明显,增大墙宽可以减小墙身弯矩以及支护结构墙体倾斜变形并且可降低坑底隆起量和坑外地表沉降量．而且,在同挡墙宽度情况下,有无C桩对控制支护结构变形和基坑变形也有很大的作用．     

多输出直流稳压电源设计

该直流电源提供多个以固定式三端线性集成稳压器为核心的直流电压输出,适合为放大器等模拟控制系统供电,同时该电源还提供一个基于MC34063的可调式开关电源,具有效率高、带负载能力强等特点,适合为单片机等数字控制电路供电．该电源系统结构紧凑、性能稳定,可满足多种工作电压系统的需求．