魔芋与田菁无粘土钻井液的研究与应用

魔芋与田菁无粘土钻井液是一类分别采用魔芋与田菁植物胶配制而成的新型钻井液,特别适用于金刚石钻进、各种井底动力钻具钻进、水文水井钻进与浅油井钻进,具有保护孔壁,提高钻速、钻头寿命,提高破碎岩矿层采心率,降低泵压,减少激动压力,减少对地层损害等许多优良性能。介绍与讨论了钻井液配方与配制方法、性能分析和比较以及生产应用等。     

影响木立芦荟试管快速繁殖因素的研究

以木立芦荟的试管苗为外植体进行试管快速繁殖的研究 ,结果表明 6 -BA可以极大地提高不定芽的增殖率 ,但同时出现了大量的玻璃化试管苗 ,而且随着继代次数的增加 ,出现了 6 -BA沉积现象 ,玻璃化现象更加严重 ;不定芽的增殖系数还与接种的外植体直径的大小、切割部位等密切相关     

Method for determining content of phenolic compounds in Aloe arborescens

A spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of total content of phenolic compounds in leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill. (Liliaceae) calculated as aloenin was developed. Statistical analysis showed that the relative uncertainty of the determination method was less than 2%. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 578–580, November–December, 2008.     

毛细管气相色谱—质谱联用分析民勤小茴香挥发油的化学成分

本文报导用毛细管气相色谱——质谱联用技术分析甘肃民勤小茴香挥发油的化学成分.共分离出21个组分,鉴定共20个组分,其中茴香脑占挥发油总数的76.4%.     

应用RAPD和AFLP标记的方法对甜(辣)椒和番茄品种的多态性分析

应用RAPD和AFLP的DNA指纹图谱方法分析25个甜(辣)椒和22个番茄品种的真实性,并进一步比较RAPD和AFLP的DNA指纹图谱在鉴定亲缘关系较近的品种之间的真实性时的有效性。对于甜(辣)椒品种,AFLP方法中,2个引物组合扩增反应的多态性片段即能将25个品种完全分开。虽然,每个样品的AFLP的扩增产物中多态性片段的百分率为9％,低于RAPD的35％多态性片段的百分率。但是,AFLP的信息量远远大于RAPD的信息量,它的每对引物组合扩增的平均多态标记为5．1,而RAPD仅为2．2。所以,在甜(辣)椒的指纹图谱中,AFLP的有效率是RAPD的2倍。对于番茄品种,每个样品的AFLP的扩增产物中多态性片段的百分率为5．5％,大大低于RAPD的单引物61％多态性片段和双引物58％多态性片段的百分率。它的每对引物组合扩增反应的平均多态标记为2．6,而RAPD中,单引物扩增的平均多态标记为4．2,双引物扩增的平均多态标记为4．4。一个单引物和一个双引物的RAPD扩增反应的多态性片段即能将22个番茄品种中的21个完全分开。所以,在番茄的指纹图谱中,RAPD的有效率是AFLP的2倍。因此,在应用分子标记辅助鉴定品种的真实性时,不同的作物所适用的方法是不同的。     

盐胁迫对番茄幼苗热值、能量积累及分配的影响

研究了基质盐度(0、80、160、240 mmol/L NaCl)对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentumMill.)幼苗热值和能量积累的影响.结果表明:番茄幼苗干物质和能量积累存在低盐促进和高盐抑制的现象,最大值出现在80 mmol/L NaCl处,干物质为6.39 g,能量积累达92.20 kJ.随基质盐度升高,干物质和能量积累倾向于叶片中.番茄幼苗干质量热值和去灰分热值存在不同的变化规律.随盐度升高,根干质量热值和去灰分热值显著增加,而在茎叶和整个植株中,干质量热值逐渐下降,去灰分热值最大值则出现在80 mmol/L NaCl处.     

库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟叶的形态结构及有效成分含量的比较

应用植物解剖学和植物化学相结合的方法比较研究了3年生库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera L.)和木立芦荟(Aloe arborescens Mill)的形态结构和芦荟素、芦荟多糖等有效成分的含量.研究结果表明:(1)库拉索芦荟茎极短,叶丛生,成熟叶片长60~80 cm,质量400~550 g;木立芦荟茎高50~70 cm,叶互生,成熟叶片长40~50 cm,质量100~150 g.(2)两种芦荟叶都由表皮、同化组织、贮水组织和维管束组成.库拉索芦荟叶的贮水组织占横切面的90%以上,而木立芦荟叶的贮水组织仅占横切面的70%.(3)库拉索芦荟叶中芦荟素含量为1.46%,芦荟多糖含量为3.56%,宜作为芦荟多糖的原料;木立芦荟叶中芦荟素含量为2.15%,芦荟多糖含量为2.58%,宜作为芦荟素等蒽醌类物质的原料.研究结果为芦荟的引种栽培、采收和产品加工提供了科学依据.     

峨眉含笑精油对冬枣保鲜的研究

研究在常温条件下不同浓度的峨眉含笑精油处理对冬枣的生理变化及保鲜效果的影响,结果表明：峨眉含笑精油处理对冬枣的保鲜有显著的效果。其中4μg·g^-1的峨眉含笑精油处理有效地降低冬枣果实的烂果率和失水率,提高POD活性;对Vc和还原性糖的含量的下降也有抑制作用。所以4μg·g^-1浓度的蛾眉含笑精油对冬枣的处理可以延长常温下冬枣的贮藏时间。     

仙客来种苗球茎胚性愈伤的诱导及体胚的发生

为了建立仙客来稳定的快繁增殖体系,以仙客来种苗为试材,接种于含不同浓度激素组合的I／2MS培养基上,经过初培养和多次继代培养,诱导产生胚性愈伤,结果表明：球茎是较好的诱导胚性愈伤的材料,1／2MS＋6-BA0．2mg／L＋2,4-D2mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L＋琼脂6．5g／L＋肌醇100mg／L＋酪蛋白100mg／L是较好的诱导配方,将胚性愈伤转接到不含激素的1／2MS基本培养基上,诱导产生大量球形胚和鱼雷胚,2—3周后正常成熟的体胚萌发,表明此研究可以为仙客来的快速繁殖提供技术参考．     

Aroma Characteristics of Lavender Extract and Essential Oil from Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

Lavender and its products have excellent flavor properties. However, most studies focus on the aroma profiles of lavender essential oil (LEO). The volatiles in lavender extracts (LEs), either in volatile compositions or their odor characteristics, have rarely been reported. In this study, the odor characteristics of LEs and LEO were comprehensively investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), coupled with sensory evaluation and principal chemical analysis (PCA). In addition, the extraction conditions of lavender extracts from inflorescences of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. were optimized. Under the optimal conditions of extraction, twice with 95% edible ethanol as the solvent, the LEs tended to contain the higher intensity of characteristic floral, herbal and clove-like odors as well as higher scores of overall assessment and higher amounts of linalool, linalool oxides I and II, linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate and total volatiles than LEO. PCA analysis showed that there were significant differences on the odor characteristics between LEO and LEs. The LEO, which was produced by steam distillation with a yield of 2.21%, had the lower intensity of floral, clove-like, medicine-like, pine-like and hay notes, a lower score of overall assessment and lower levels of linalool oxides I and II, linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate and total volatiles compared with LEs, whereas the relative contents of linalool and camphor in LEO were significantly higher than that in LEs. Furthermore, the earthy, green and watery odors were only found in LEO. Concerning the odor characteristics and volatile compositions, the LEs had better odor properties than LEO. These results provided a theoretical basis for the industrial preparation of lavender-related products.