Determination of Polyphenols in Lycium barbarum Leaves by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for the determination of polyphenols in Lycium barbarum leaves. Twenty compounds extracted by methanol–water were tentatively identified that included chlorogenic acids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, and isochlorogenic acid C were identified in Chinese cultivated L. barbarum leaves for the first time. Caffeic acid and isoquercitrin were also present. The concentrations of these compounds in L. barbarum leaves were determined. The results showed that all analytes had linear calibration relationships with limits of detection from 0.318 to 3.35?ng mL^?1. The polyphenols and flavonoids in L. barbarum leaves provided strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging capacity (IC₅₀ of 23.1?±?0.4 to 26.0?±?0.4?µg mL^?1). This method is suitable for the determination of polyphenols in L. barbarum leaves, which provide polyphenols with suitable antioxidant activity.     

具高分化潜能的枸杞胚性悬浮细胞系的建立及保存

本文主要报道了具有高度植株再生潜能的枸杞优质胚性悬浮系的建立与保存方法．首次应用枸杞髓部组织诱导出Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织，Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织在ＭＳ液体培养基中增殖快（３天即可加倍），分散好，两周左右即可建立起优质悬浮系；悬浮细胞在液体分化培养基中能得到大量的胚状体，未经过滤建立起的悬浮系比经过过滤建立起的悬浮系能得到更多的胚状体．长时间悬浮培养后，枸杞胚性悬浮系再生能力下降，在固体培养基上培养一段时间后，转回液体培养基可使再生能力得以保持与恢复     

枸杞果实铜,锌超氧物歧化酶的纯化及其性质的研究

枸杞果实粗提液中具有Mn-SOD、Fe-SOD和Cu·Zn-SOD三种类型。经氯仿-乙醇处理、丙酮分级沉淀、sepbadex G-100凝胶过滤和DEAE-纤维素柱层析纯化,获得对CN~-敏感的Cu·Zn-SOD。在凝胶电泳染色图谱上,DEAE-纤维素柱层析纯化,获得对CN~-敏感的Cu·Zn-SOD。在凝胶电泳染色图谱上,DEAE-纤堆素柱线性梯度洗脱下来的两个活性组分与酶粗提液同工酶谱上两条Cu·Zn-SOD主区带分别相对应,而且酶活性染色带与蛋白染色带位置对应,说明上述活性组分都已纯化到均一的程度。该酶分子量约为33900道尔顿,亚基分子量约为16700道尔顿。酶的两个活性组分在紫外光区的吸收曲线略有差异,但吸收峰都在255nm。该酶在55℃的温度范围内对热稳定。纯化后的酶平均为4436units/mg protein,纯化了177.6倍,活力回收为12.3%。上述酶没有过氧化氢酶活性。     

Improved Stability of Blue Colour of Anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Based on Copigmentation

Natural blue food colourant is rare. The aim of this work was to screen compounds from the common copigments that could improve the blue tones of anthocyanins (ACNs) and to investigate the effect of different copigments on the colour stability of anthocyanins in neutral species. International Commission on Illumination (CIE) colour space, UV, IR, NMR, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and computational chemistry methods were utilised to evaluate ACNs from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LR), which is complexed with food additives and biological agents. The results indicate that Pro−Xylane (PX), Ectoin (ECT) and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) enhance the blue colour of the ACNs. ACNs−PX presents a colour close to Oxford Blue and has a surface height of 2.13 ± 0.14 nm and slightly improved stability. The half−life of ACNs−DG is improved 24.5−fold and had the highest complexation energy (−50.63/49.15) kcal/mol, indicating hydrogen bonds and π−π stacking forces enhance stability. These findings offer a new perspective for anthocyanin utilisation as a blue colourant and contribute to the large−scale application of LR.     

Protective Effect of Lycium ruthenicum Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress against Acrylamide Induced Liver Injury in Rats

Acrylamide (ACR) is formed during tobacco and carbohydrate-rich food heating and is widely applied in many industries, with a range of toxic effects. The antioxidant properties of Lycium ruthenicum polyphenols (LRP) have been established before. This study aimed to research the protective effect of LRP against ACR-induced liver injury in SD rats. Rats were divided into six groups: Control, ACR (40 mg/kg/day, i.g.), LRP (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, i.g.) plus ACR, and LRP groups. After 19 days, we evaluated oxidative status and mitochondrial functions in the rat’s liver. The results showed that glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels increased after LRP pretreatment. In contrast, each intervention group reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the ACR group. Meanwhile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), liver mitochondrial ATPase activity, mRNA expression of mitochondrial complex I, III, and expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream proteins were all increased. This study suggested that LRP could reduce ACR-induced liver injury through potent antioxidant activity. LRP is recommended as oxidative stress reliever against hepatotoxicity.     

白刺色素和黑果枸杞色素中花色苷与总多酚的测定

采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定白刺色素和黑果枸杞色素中的花色苷和总多酚的含量,白刺色素的花色苷和总多酚含量分别为4.6、0.10mg/g,黑果枸杞色素的花色苷和总多酚含量分别为14.6、0.22mg/g。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,适宜检测花色苷和总多酚的含量。该实验为以后的白刺色素和黑果枸杞色素的开发与利用提供理论依据。     

枸杞、红枣中金属元素含量的测定

选用了中国宁夏中宁早康枸杞园林场生产的枸杞、山东省沾化金丝枣、山西柳林县红枣,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法[1]和石墨炉法对这三种样品中的金属元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ca、Pb的含量进行了测定。测定方法简单,精密度和灵敏度高,回收率为105.1%~93.1%,结果可靠。     

中宁枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的核型分析

报道了中宁枸杞(Lycium barbarum L．)的核型．核型公式为K(2n)=2 X=24=22m(4SAT) 2sm．核型类型为1A,为较原始的对称核型,并与前人的报道结果进行了对比分析．     

黑果枸杞苗期耐盐机制研究

采用不同浓度NaCl溶液处理盐生药用植物黑果枸杞幼苗,通过测定细胞质膜透性(相对电导率)、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖等的变化,探讨黑果枸杞幼苗的耐盐机制.结果表明,叶片中的相对电导率和丙二醛含量随NaCl浓度的提高和胁迫时间的延长逐渐增大,且高浓度盐处理下质膜伤害程度和MDA积累幅度均相对较大;脯氨酸含量随NaCl浓度的增加而大幅增加,其中,在胁迫第6天,200、300、400和500mol/L NaCl处理的增加幅度分别高达405.78%、800.11%、773.78%和747.51%,同时,随着胁迫时间的延长表现出先增加后下降的倒"V"型趋势,但总体还是呈现增加态势;可溶性糖含量在胁迫初期,随着盐浓度的增加呈现先下降后上升的"V"型态势,且随胁迫时间的增加,各处理叶片中可溶性糖含量的变化规律与脯氨酸的一致,但其最大值出现在胁迫第18天,比胁迫初期分别增加64.62%、83.15%、106.60%、207.00%和186.70%;比较而言,在盐胁迫下,黑果枸杞幼苗叶片中脯氨酸含量积累较为敏感,是其适应逆境环境的一种有效方式.本研究认为,在盐胁迫下,黑果枸杞可以通过在其体内积累大量的有机渗透物质以适应外界不利环境.     

不同测定时间对枸杞枝条硬度评价的影响

枸杞种质硬度评价对枸杞育种和树体整形修剪具有重要的指导作用。本研究分别在枸杞休眠期、枸杞枝条萌动期和新抽枝条木质化期,用砝码挂重法对7份枸杞种质材料进行了硬度测定和分类。结果表明,7份枸杞种质材料划分为3种类型,即软条型、半软条型和硬条型;枸杞休眠期、枸杞枝条萌动期硬度分类结果一致,而新生枝条木质化期测定结果使得天精3...