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911.
The evolution of 2-D disturbances in hypersonic boundary layer with Mach number 6,8, and 10 was investigated numerically by
three different numerical schemes. At the entrance, second mode T-S waves with different amplitudes were introduced, and the
relation between the Mach number and the amplitude of the disturbance when shocklets started to appear was investigated. By
comparing the disturbance velocity profiles with those provided by linear stability theory, the effects of shocklets on flow
structures were also investigated. 相似文献
912.
A low-temperature electron diffraction study has been carried out on ThAsSe to search for evidence of structural disorder associated with the low-temperature non-magnetic Kondo effect. A highly structured and extremely complex characteristic diffuse intensity distribution has been observed at low temperature and interpreted in terms of a gradual charge density wave type phase transition upon lowering of temperature involving disordered As-As dimerization within (001) planes. Plausible models of the proposed As-As dimerization have been obtained using a group theoretical approach. 相似文献
913.
A pair of kinematical conservation laws (KCL) in a ray coordinatesystem (,t) are the basic equations governing the evolutionof a moving curve in two space dimensions. We first study elementarywave solutions and then the Riemann problem for KCL when themetric g, associated with the coordinate designating differentrays, is an arbitrary function of the velocity of propagationm of the moving curve. We assume that m>1 (m is appropriatelynormalized), for which the system of KCL becomes hyperbolic.We interpret the images of the elementary wave solutions inthe (,t)-plane to the (x,y)-plane as elementary shapes of themoving curve (or a nonlinear wavefront when interpreted in aphysical system) and then describe their geometrical properties.Solutions of the Riemann problem with different initial datagive the shapes of the nonlinear wavefront with different combinationsof elementary shapes. Finally, we study all possible interactionsof elementary shapes. 相似文献
914.
Hildebrando?M.?RodriguesEmail author J.?Solà-MoralesEmail author 《Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations》2004,16(3):767-793
As a continuation of a previous work on linearization of class C1 of diffeomorphisms and flows in infinite dimensions near a fixed point, in this work we deal with the case of a saddle point with some non-resonance restrictions for the linear part. Our result can be seen as an extension of results by Hartman [Boletin de la Sociedad Matematica Mexicana 5(2), 220–241 (1960)] and Aronson, Belitskii and Zhuzhoma [Introduction to the Qualitative Theory of Dynamical systems on surfaces, AMS Transl. Math. Monog. vol.153, pp. 268–277 (1996)] in dimension two. We also present an application to a system of nonlinear wave equations.AMS Subject Classifications: Primary: 35B05, 34G20. Secondary: 35B40, 34D05.Dedicated to Professor Shui-Nee Chow on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
915.
Wave cycles, i.e. pairs of local maxima and minima, play an important role in many engineering fields. Many cycle definitions are used for specific purposes, such as crest–trough cycles in wave studies in ocean engineering and rainflow cycles for fatigue life predicition in mechanical engineering. The simplest cycle, that of a pair of local maximum and the following local minimum is also of interest as a basis for the study of more complicated cycles. This paper presents and illustrates modern computational tools for the analysis of different cycle distributions for stationary Gaussian processes with general spectrum. It is shown that numerically exact but slow methods will produce distributions in almost complete agreement with simulated data, but also that approximate and quick methods work well in most cases. Of special interest is the dependence relation between the cycle average and the cycle range for the simple maximum–minimum cycle and its implication for the range distribution. It is observed that for a Gaussian process with rectangular box spectrum, these quantities are almost independent and that the range is not far from a Rayleigh distribution. It will also be shown that had there been a Gaussian process where exact independence hold then the range would have had an exact Rayleigh distribution. Unfortunately no such Gaussian process exists.This revised version was published online in March 2005 with corrections to the cover date. 相似文献
916.
Non-destructive testing of tubes using a time reverse numerical simulation (TRNS) method 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A method for the detection of defects in cylindrical structures and the determination of their positions and orientations is presented in this paper. The scattered field, which is generated by the interaction of excited guided waves with a defect, is evaluated with an approach named time reverse numerical simulation method (TRNS). Since the excited waves and the scattered field propagate along the sample, the time-consuming scanning of the whole tube can be eliminated. The scattered displacement field is measured in three dimensions over time with a laser vibrometer at different locations distributed equally around the circumference at a fixed axial coordinate far away from the defect. Instead of analyzing the complicated time signals directly, they are played back in time. If the recorded displacement histories of the scattered field are reversed in time and played back in an identical structure, the waves travel back the same path and interfere to a maximum at their origin. The result is an amplitude increase at the position of the defect where the scattered field was generated. Instead of playing back the recorded time signals in an experiment, this step is replaced by a numerical simulation. Only this enables the visualization and detection of the amplitude increase. As long as the simulation is of high accuracy, the position of the maximum interference corresponds exactly to the location of the defect in the experiment, although no defect is implemented in the simulation. 相似文献
917.
Elastic friction drive of surface acoustic wave motor 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Importance of elastic deformation control to obtain large output force with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) motor is discussed in this paper. By adding pre-load to slider, stator and slider surfaces are deformed in a few tens nanometer. Appropriate deformation in normal direction against normal vibration displacement amplitude of SAW existed. By moderate deformation, the output force of the SAW motor was enlarged up to about 10 N and no-load speed was 0.7 m/s. To produce this performance, the transducer weight and slider size were only 4.2 g and 4 x 4 mm(2).By traveling wave propagation, surface particles of the SAW device move in elliptical motion. Due to the amplitude of the elliptical motion is 10 or 20 nm order, the contact condition of the slider is very critical. To control the contact condition, namely, the elastic deformation of the slider and stator surface in nanometer order, a lot of projections were fabricated on the slider surface. The projection diameter was 20 micro m. In static condition, the elastic deformation and stress were evaluated with the FEM analysis. From this calculation and the simulation result, it is consider that the wave crest is distorted, hence the elasticity has influence on the friction drive condition.Elastic deformation of the stator surface beneath the projection from the initial position were evaluated. In 4 x 4 mm(2) square area, the sliders had from 1089 to 23,409 projections. Depression was independent to the contact pressure. However, the output force depended on the depression although the projection density were different. From the view point of the output power of the motor, the proper depression was independent to the projection density. Around 25 nm depression, the output force and output power were maximized. This depression value was almost same as the vibration displacement amplitude of the stator transducer. 相似文献
918.
Based on the theories of nonlinear continuum mechanics, piezoelectricity and elastic waves in solids, theoretical analysis of Bleustein-Gulyaev surface acoustic wave propagation in a prestressed layered piezoelectric structure are described. Numerical calculations are performed for the case that the layer and the substrate are identical LiNbO(3) except that they are polarized in opposite directions. It is found that an almost linear behavior of the relative change in phase velocity versus the initial stress is obtained for both surface electrically free and shorted cases. Potential applications in the design of acoustic wave devices are suggested. 相似文献
919.
Based on the ansatz to the wave functions, the quasi-exact solutions of the 2D Schrödinger equation with some anharmonic potentials are reviewed and analyzed if admitting restrictions on the parameters of the potential and the angular momentum m. These potentials are taken as the screened Coulomb potential V(r)=a/r+b/(r+), the singular one-fraction power one V(r)=ar
–1/2+br
–3/2 and the singular two-fraction one V(r)=ar
2/3+br
–2/3+cr
–4/3. The latter one is found that the hidden symmetry exists if substituting r–ir. It will reverse the signs of E and c of quantum system, leaving the remaining parameters invariant. 相似文献
920.
Plane-wave density functional theory has been applied to determine the strengths of hydrogen bonds in the phase I crystal structures of ammonia and urea. For ammonia, each component of the trifurcated hydrogen bond has been found to be almost as strong as a standard N-H.N interaction, and for urea the strengths of the two different N-H.O interactions have been determined by a quantum mechanical technique for the first time. 相似文献