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61.
We investigate the generalized polynomial Linard differential equations. Using the averaging theory of first and second order, we obtain the maximum number of limit cycles of the system. 相似文献
62.
Zhipeng Lin Hao Zhang Guofeng Liang Yanqi Jin Hongbin Zeng Jiawang Li Jian Chen Weihong Zhang Fangyan Xie Yanshuo Jin Hui Meng 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(12):3112-3118
A composite of FeOOH nanocubes anchored on carbon ribbons has been synthesized and used as a cathode material for Li/O2 batteries. Fe2+ ion-exchanged resin serves as a precursor for both FeOOH nanocubes and carbon ribbons, which are formed simultaneously. The as-prepared FeOOH cubes are proposed to have a core–shell structure, with FeOOH as the shell and Prussian blue as the core, based on information from XPS, TEM, and EDS mapping. As a cathode material for Li/O2 batteries, FeOOH delivers a specific capacity of 14816 mA h g−1cathode with a cycling stability of 67 cycles over 400 h. The high performance is related to the low overpotential of the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction on FeOOH. The cube structure, the supporting carbon ribbons, and the -OOH moieties all contribute to the low overpotential. The discharge product Li2O2 can be efficiently decomposed in the FeOOH cathode after a charging process, leading to higher cycling stability. Its high activity and stability make FeOOH a good candidate for use in non-aqueous Li/O2 batteries. 相似文献
63.
A neutron powder diffraction study on lithium titanate Li2TiO3 was performed at low temperatures. The monoclinic β-phase has been found to be stable over the whole investigated range of temperatures (4 K–300 K). A smooth and nonlinear increase of the lattice parameters has been observed upon heating and correlated to the behavior of interatomic distances. Lithium diffusion pathways in Li2TiO3 were estimated theoretically on the basis of the obtained structural data using bond-valence modeling. Experimentally diffusion pathways were evaluated by analysis of the negative nuclear scattering densities at 1073 K, which were reconstructed using a maximum entropy method. Although the bond-valence mismatch map indicated a possible Li diffusion either in ab plane or along c direction, analysis of the experimental data revealed that Li migration is thermodynamically less feasible in latter case. 相似文献
64.
Shang Chen Shuiyin Chen Dengji Han Christopher W. Bielawski Jianxin Geng 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(51):e202201580
Lithium (Li) metal has attracted significant attention in areas that range from basic research to various commercial applications due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1) and low electrochemical potential (−3.04 vs. standard hydrogen electrode). However, dendrites often form on the surfaces of Li metal anodes during cycling and thus lead to battery failure and, in some cases, raise safety concerns. To overcome this problem, a variety of approaches that vary the electrolyte, membrane, and/or anode have been proposed. Among these efforts, the use of three-dimensional frameworks as Li hosts, which can homogenize and minimize the current density at the anode surface, is an effective approach to suppress the formation of Li dendrites. Herein, we describe the development of using carbon-based materials as Li hosts. While these materials can be fabricated into a variety of porous structures, they have a number of intrinsic advantages including low costs, high specific surface areas, high electrical conductivities, and wide electrochemical stabilities. After briefly summarizing the formation mechanisms of Li dendrites, various methods for controlling structural and surface chemistry will be described for different types of carbon-based materials from the viewpoint of improving their performance as Li hosts. Finally, we provide perspective on the future development of Li host materials needed to meet the requirements for their use in flexible and wearable devices and other contemporary energy storage techniques. 相似文献
65.
Tahya Bamine Edouard Boivin Christian Masquelier Laurence Croguennec Elodie Salager Dany Carlier 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2020,58(11):1109-1117
7Li, 31P, and 19F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the local arrangement of oxygen and fluorine in LiVPO4F1-yOy materials, interesting as positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. From the evolution of the 1D spectra versus y, 2D 7Li radiofrequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) experiments combined, and a tentative signal assignment based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it appears that F and O are not randomly dispersed on the bridging X position between two X–VO4–X octahedra (X = O or F) but tend to segregate at a local scale. Using DFT calculations, we analyzed the impact of the different local environments on the local electronic structure. Depending on the nature of the VO4X2 environments, vanadium ions are either in the +III or in the +IV oxidation state and can exhibit different distributions of their unpaired electron(s) on the d orbitals. Based on those different local electronic structures and on the computed Fermi contact shifts, we discuss the impact on the spin transfer mechanism on adjacent nuclei and propose tentative signal assignments. The O/F clustering tendency is discussed in relation with the formation of short VIVO vanadyl bonds with a very specific electronic structure and possible cooperative effect along the chain. 相似文献
66.
对于pair-copula中的参数估计,大多假设copula函数的参数和条件变量独立,将参数简化成一个不依赖于条件变量的常数.本文假设copula函数的参数和条件变量不独立,该参数是以条件变量为自变量的一元函数.应用该方法实证分析了“克强指数”三个指标铁路货运量、工业用电量和贷款发放量的对数增长率之间的关系,研究发现该方法优于简化的pair-copula参数估计,并且得出在固定铁路货运量不变时,工业用电量和银行贷款发放量成负相关关系,且这种负相关性随铁路货运量增加而减弱. 相似文献
67.
《信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版)》2017,(3):436-439
采用水热法制备了Li_(4-3x)Eu_x(WO_4)_2系列红色荧光粉.通过荧光分析(FL)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对所得粉体的发光性能、颗粒大小及形貌和物相进行表征分析.XRD分析结果表明,制备的Li_(4-3x)Eu_x(WO_4)_2微晶均为白钨矿四方结构.SEM结果表明,Li_(4-3x)Eu_x(WO_4)_2颗粒度为2.0μm×0.2μm~12μm×1.0μm,且随x的增大而增大.荧光分析结果表明,该荧光粉可被近紫外光(395nm)有效激发,最大发射波长位于614nm,即为纯正的红光.随着x的增大,样品中Eu~(3+)的593nm和614nm两个特征发射峰的强度先增大后减小,当x=1.0时达到最大. 相似文献
68.
69.
作为宋代杰出的女诗人,李清照的诗歌通过对女性自我意识的觉醒、强烈的政治批判、对现实无奈的忧患三个方面的描写,充分展现了一位忧国忧民、关心政治、有着极强的独立意识的知识女性形象。 相似文献
70.
The anode materials Li4?xMgxTi5?xZrxO12 (x=0, 0.05, 0.1) were successfully synthesized by sol‐gel method using Ti(OC4H9)4, CH3COOLi·2H2O, MgCl2·6H2O and Zr(NO3)3·6H2O as raw materials. The crystalline structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the as‐prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, cyclic voltammograms (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge‐discharge cycling tests. The results show that the lattice parameters of the Mg‐Zr doped samples are slightly larger than that of the pure Li4Ti5O12, and Mg‐Zr doping does not change the basic Li4Ti5O12 structure. The rate capability of Li4?xMgxTi5?xZrxO12 (x=0.05, 0.1) electrodes is significantly improved due to the expansile Li+ diffusion channel and reduced charge transfer resistance. In this study, Li3.95Mg0.05Ti4.95Zr0.05O12 represented a relatively good rate capability and cycling stability, after 400 cycles at 10 C, the discharge capacity retained as 134.74 mAh·g?1 with capacity retention close to 100%. The excellent rate capability and good cycling performance make Li3.95Mg0.05Ti4.95Zr0.05O12 a promising anode material in lithium‐ion batteries. 相似文献