Late stage modification of peptides via CH activation reactions

Recently developed strategies for late stage modification of peptides through CH activation, an arena of contemporary interest in chemical biology and drug discovery, are discussed. Through this tactic, non-polar amino acids in peptides have been selectively functionalized and CH activation enabled new CC and CX bond formations (arylation, alkynylation, fluorination, hydroxylation, azidation, etc.) are documented. Significant advances have been made in Pd or Au-catalyzed, racemization-free, tryptophan specific modifications of large peptides via CH arylation and alkynylation reactions without any protecting group requirement. Development of a new biaryl stapling technique for complex peptides, 18F radiofluorine introduction and diversity oriented post synthetic applications on bio-active cyclopeptides like valinomycin and aureobasidin are additional highlights which underscores the vast potential of late stage CH activation reactions in peptide based therapeutics research.     

论载泽对宪政知识的储备和应用

载泽是满族亲贵集团中的重要成员。在清末立宪运动中，载泽曾奉命出国考察宪政，建议慈禧太后早日实行君主立宪，以中兴国运。宣统时期，载泽又转而反对立宪，明显保留意见。载泽在宪政问题上的前后变化实际上反映统治危机向皇室集团内部延伸的现象。年龄结构以青壮为主的满族亲贵集团最终在重重危机中退出历史舞台。     

妊娠晚期羊水中微量元素测定及其与胎儿生长发育关系的研究

对１０２名足月正常妊娠第一胎的产妇妊娠晚期羊水中６种微量元素（锌、铜、锰、铁、钙、镁）首次进行了测定，并通过对出生新生儿生长发育的监测探讨其与胎儿生长发育的关系。妊娠晚期羊水中６种微量元素含量（±Ｓ／×１０－５）分别为：Ｚｎ２．２９±１．７７，Ｃｕ０．１４±０．１４，Ｍｎ０．１３±０．２３，Ｆｅ３．６９±２．７０，Ｃａ８２．５４±７４．１８，Ｍｇ１８．７１±１１．０９．男女新生儿其母羊水中微量元素含量比较无显著差异，Ｐ≥０．０５．与文献报道中期妊娠羊水中所含微量元素比较有增加趋势．６种微量元素相互关系中．与锌、钙呈正相关外，锌与铜、锰、铁、镁呈负相关．低体重组与低身长组新生儿孕母羊水中锌含量明显低于高体重组和高身长组，有显著差异，Ｐ≤０．０１．铁在高身长组含量增高，与低身长组比较有显著差异，Ｐ≤０．０５．锰于低体重组含量升高，与高体重组比较有显著差异，Ｐ≤０．０１．镁与铜于低身长组含量升高，与高身长组比较有显著差异，Ｐ分别≤０．０５与０．０１．可见高铜、高锰、高镁可致胎儿生长发育迟缓．     

晚唐五代江浙隐逸文学生态研究

晚唐五代江浙隐逸文学的复盛,与中原文化第二次向南推移的历史背景密切相关。杨吴、南唐及吴越政权的偏安与稳定,为地域性文学生态的改善提供了历史契机;九华山、西山、庐山、奉化、永嘉等地,相继成为隐逸作家聚集交流的胜地。由道士、僧侣及出世文人共同组成的创作群体,借助隐逸文学表达了独特的生活境遇和价值理想,同时呈现出一种乱世特有的静谧与安闲。不过,其作品时常体现出偏狭和无奈的情态。     

Thermoluminescence in sediments and historical supernovae explosions

Summary Thermoluminescence from the different layers of a recent core drilled in the Tyrrhenian Sea has been measured. The sedimentation rate of 0.115 cm y⁻¹ previously determined by the²¹⁰Pb−²²⁶Ra method allows the profile of TL to be obtained in the last 1500 years. We notice that sharp peaks in the TL intensity appear during the years in which records of hystorical supernovae explosions are given. A working model of the process based on the irradiation of dust in the upper atmosphere by γ-rays produced in the SN burst allows a satisfactory energy estimate of the observations to be done. Moreover, the profile shows the modulation of the irradiations of the Earth environment produced by the Sun in the past.     

Modern human behaviors during the late stage of the MIS3 and the broad spectrum revolution: Evidence from a Shuidonggou Late Paleolithic site

The last glacial period was vital for the distribution and evolution of early modern humans in Asia. The Shuidonggou Late Paleolithic site, dated at 30-20 ka BP, accumulated cultural remains during the important late stage of MIS 3 period in the last glacial. These remains represent characteristics of typical Late Paleolithic conditions in North China:high degree of standardization and morphological variability of tool types, exploitation of bone materials, systematic use of body decorations, extensive use of earth-pit hearths, distinct functional spatial organization within habitations, and conversion of subsistence patterns. These characteristics illustrate early modern human behaviors during the late MIS3 period, and provide clues and perspectives for the analysis of early modern human origins in China. At the same time, the conversion of subsistence patterns is considered to be a combination of multiple early modern human behaviors, as well as the result of the Broad Spectrum Revolution. In this paper, we argue for the dynamic mechanism of Broad Spectrum Revolution from a human behavioral and ecological perspective.     

清末民初陇中地区士绅行状考略——以同光朝岷州科举中式士绅为研究中心

清末民初的陇中地区文风骎骎,人才蔚蔚。包括岷州在内的陇中地区士绅于同治、光绪朝科举中式后纷纷在桑梓兴办私塾教育,参与地方政治,为生存多方奔波,士绅阶层在清末民初社会转型时期的生计问题日益恶化,但身处如此困境的岷州士绅仍坚守传统文化阵地,推动地方教育事业进步,努力肩负起传统文化的继承者和传播者的使命,并在新旧教育及思想的衔接上进行了有益地探索。     

右江盆地晚古生代白云岩与层序地层的关系及其储集性

以广西右江盆地晚古生代白云岩为研究对象,详细研究了白云岩在剖面上的分布与产出的形态, 归纳起来包括5种类型:(1)与硅质岩互层;(2)与灰质泥岩互层;(3)与灰黑色中层含光壳节石的微晶灰岩互层;(4)与灰白色厚层块状生物屑灰岩互层;(5)与厚层块状灰质白云岩、白云质灰岩互层.在此基础上讨论了白云岩的分布与层序地层学的关系,即与LST有关的白云岩主要为一套角砾状白云岩;与TST有关的白云岩主要为薄层状的硅质粉-细晶白云岩或细晶白云岩;与HST有关的白云岩主要为厚层块状中-粗晶白云岩或含残余生物屑结构白云岩.进而研究了白云岩的储集性,讨论了不同类型的白云岩和不同体系域内的白云岩的储集性.这为全面研究白云岩储层提供了基础资料.     

Structural,functional, and evolutionary analysis of late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA) in Triticum aestivum: A detailed molecular level biochemistry using in silico approach

LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) proteins are abundant in plants and play a crucial role in abiotic stress tolerance. In our work, we primarily focused on the variations in physiochemical properties, conserved domains, secondary structure, gene ontology and evolutionary relationships among 40 LEA proteins of Triticum aestivum (common wheat). Wheat LEA protein belongs to first 6 classes out of the 13 classes present in LEApdB, the comprehensive database for LEA proteins. Proteins belonging to each LEApdB class have structures and functions distinguished from other classes. The study found three different conserved LEA domains in Triticum aestivum. One important domain was dehydrin, present in wheat proteins of classes 1, 2 and 4, though varied in sequence level, have similar biological processes. The study also found sequence level and phylogenetic similarity between dehydrin domains of class 1 and 4, but distinct from that of LEApdB class 2. This study also demonstrated functional diversity in two class 6 proteins occurred due to many destabilizing mutations in the LEA4 domain that caused alteration of ligand binding and conformational shift from 3₁₀-helix → turn within the domain. The LEA4 domains of these proteins also showed functional similarity and evolutionary relatedness with three other proteins of genus Aegilops, denoting that these proteins in Triticum aestivum were derived from its ancestor Aegilops. The study also assigned LEApdB class 4 to an unclassified LEA protein ‘WZY2-1’ based on amino acid composition, conserved domain, motif architecture and phylogenetic relatedness with class 4 proteins. Our study has revealed a detailed analysis of LEA proteins in Triticum aestivum and can serve as a pillar for further investigations and comparative analysis of wheat LEA proteins with other cereal or plant types.